Match each type of natural radioactive emission with its corresponding characteristic phys… — JAMB UTME

Match each type of natural radioactive emission with its corresponding characteristic physical property or behavior in electric and magnetic fields.

Alpha emission ( $\alpha$ )Has the highest ionizing power and is stopped by a thin sheet of paper
Beta-minus emission ( $\beta^-$ )Deflects towards the positively charged plate in a uniform electric field
Gamma emission ( $\gamma$ )Passes undeviated through electric fields and requires thick lead to absorb

Answer

Alpha emission matches strong ionizing power and low penetration (stopped by paper); Beta-minus emission matches deflection towards the positive electric plate; Gamma emission matches zero deflection and requirement of dense shielding like thick lead.

Alpha emissions possess strong ionizing capability and minimal penetration. Beta-minus emissions are negatively charged, causing them to deflect toward the positive plate in an electric field. Gamma emissions carry no charge and have the greatest penetrating power.

Step-by-Step Solution

Determine the physical nature and ionization capacity of Alpha particles.

Alpha particles (

^4_2\text{He}

) carry a charge of

+2e

and possess high mass. This yields intense ionization along their paths and low penetrating ability.

Massive double-charged particles undergo frequent ionizing collisions with gas molecules.

Analyze the electrostatic deflection behavior of Beta-minus particles.

Beta particles (

^0_{-1}\text{e}

) carry a negative charge, so Coulomb forces pull them toward the positive potential plate.

Like charges repel and opposite electrical charges attract.

Analyze the electrostatic field interaction and penetrating ability of Gamma rays.

Gamma emissions are high-frequency photons with zero net charge and zero rest mass, passing straight without deviation and requiring heavy shielding such as lead.

Neutral photons do not experience electrostatic forces.

Key Concept

Distinct physical properties, ionizing powers, penetrating abilities, and field deflections of natural radioactive emissions.

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