Match each hydration phenomenon or property on the left with its corresponding vapor pressure behavior or physical description on the right.
- DeliquescenceOccurs when the saturated solution's vapor pressure is lower than ambient water vapor pressure, leading to absorption of water until the solid dissolves into a solution.
- EfflorescenceOccurs when the hydrated crystal's vapor pressure exceeds ambient water vapor pressure, resulting in the loss of hydration water to form a powdery residue.
- HygroscopyThe absorption of atmospheric moisture by a substance without liquefying or forming a solution.
- Water of CrystallizationDefinite stoichiometric quantity of water molecules chemically bound within the solid crystal lattice of a salt.
Answer
Deliquescence matches with the condition where the saturated solution's vapor pressure is lower than ambient water vapor pressure, causing complete dissolution; Efflorescence matches with the condition where the crystal's vapor pressure exceeds ambient water vapor pressure, causing loss of hydration water; Hygroscopy matches with the absorption of moisture without dissolving; Water of Crystallization matches with the definite stoichiometric water molecules bound in the crystal lattice.
Each phenomenon is correctly paired based on its vapor pressure relationship and physical characteristics: Deliquescence requires the vapor pressure of the saturated solution to be lower than ambient water vapor pressure, causing liquefaction. Efflorescence requires the crystal's vapor pressure to exceed ambient water vapor pressure, leading to water loss. Hygroscopy involves moisture absorption without dissolving, and water of crystallization represents the fixed stoichiometric water bound in the crystal lattice.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Atmospheric behavior of hydrated and anhydrous salts based on vapor pressure relationships.