Arrange the following organic functional groups in decreasing order of priority (highest p… — JAMB UTME

Arrange the following organic functional groups in decreasing order of priority (highest priority first) for selection as the principal functional group suffix when naming polyfunctional compounds according to IUPAC nomenclature rules:

1Carboxylic acid ( $-\text{COOH}$ )
2Ester ( $-\text{COOR}$ )
3Aldehyde ( $-\text{CHO}$ )
4Alcohol ( $-\text{OH}$ )
5Amine ( $-\text{NH}_2$ )

Answer

The correct sequence in decreasing order of IUPAC principal functional group priority is: Carboxylic acid (

-\text{COOH}

), Ester (

-\text{COOR}

), Aldehyde (

-\text{CHO}

), Alcohol (

-\text{OH}

), and Amine (

-\text{NH}_2

According to official IUPAC nomenclature seniority rules for principal functional groups: Carboxylic acids (

-\text{COOH}

) take top priority, followed by acid derivatives like Esters (

-\text{COOR}

), then Aldehydes (

-\text{CHO}

), Alcohols (

-\text{OH}

), and finally Amines (

-\text{NH}_2

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify the highest-priority functional group among carboxylic derivatives and oxygen/nitrogen species.

Carboxylic acids (

-\text{COOH}

) occupy the top hierarchy level among organic functional groups.

IUPAC nomenclature assigns the highest principal suffix priority to carboxylic acid functional groups over esters, carbonyls, alcohols, and amines.

Compare carboxylic acid derivatives to carbonyl and hydroxyl groups.

Ester (

-\text{COOR}

) ranks higher than Aldehyde (

-\text{CHO}

Carboxylic acid derivatives (esters, acyl halides, amides) take priority over aldehydes and ketones.

Determine priority among oxygen- and nitrogen-containing groups.

Aldehyde (

-\text{CHO}

) > Alcohol (

-\text{OH}

) > Amine (

-\text{NH}_2

Carbonyl groups rank higher than hydroxyl groups, which in turn rank higher than amino groups.

Key Concept

IUPAC Functional Group Seniority Hierarchy for Polyfunctional Nomenclature

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