Question

Difficulty: HardFixed and Fluctuating Capital Accounts

Aminu and Folake are partners in a firm. On 1st January 2025, Aminu's fixed capital account balance was 1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000 and his current account had a credit balance of 150,000\text{₦}150,000. On 1st July 2025, Aminu introduced additional capital of 300,000\text{₦}300,000. The partnership agreement provides for interest on capital at 10%10\% per annum, an annual salary to Aminu of 200,000\text{₦}200,000, interest on drawings of 12,000\text{₦}12,000, and a share of residual profit of 350,000\text{₦}350,000. Aminu's drawings during the year amounted to 180,000\text{₦}180,000. If the firm converts to a fluctuating capital account system at the end of the year, what is the closing balance of Aminu's capital account at 31st December 2025?

Answer: 2143000

Answer

The closing balance of Aminu's fluctuating capital account at 31st December 2025 is ₦2,143,000.
The closing balance under the fluctuating capital account system combines all partner equity transactions into a single account. Opening capital (₦1,200,000), opening credit current account balance (₦150,000), additional capital (₦300,000), interest on capital (₦135,000), partner salary (₦200,000), and share of profit (₦350,000) are credited, giving total credits of ₦2,335,000. Drawings (₦180,000) and interest on drawings (₦12,000) are debited (totaling ₦192,000). The net closing balance is ₦2,335,000 - ₦192,000 = ₦2,143,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate interest on capital for Aminu
₦135,000
Interest on opening capital of ₦1,200,000 at 10% per annum for 1 full year is ₦120,000. Interest on additional capital of ₦300,000 for 6 months (1st July to 31st December) at 10% per annum is ₦15,000 (₦300,000 × 10% × 6/12). Total interest on capital = ₦120,000 + ₦15,000 = ₦135,000.
2
Sum all credit entries in the fluctuating capital account
₦2,335,000
Under a fluctuating capital system, opening capital, current account balances, additions, and partner appropriations are combined. Total Credits = Opening Capital (₦1,200,000) + Opening Current Account (₦150,000) + Additional Capital (₦300,000) + Interest on Capital (₦135,000) + Partner Salary (₦200,000) + Share of Profit (₦350,000) = ₦2,335,000.
3
Sum all debit entries in the fluctuating capital account
₦192,000
Debit items that reduce partner equity include Drawings (₦180,000) + Interest on Drawings (₦12,000) = ₦192,000.
4
Calculate closing capital account balance
₦2,143,000
Subtract total debits from total credits: ₦2,335,000 - ₦192,000 = ₦2,143,000.

Key Concept

Under a fluctuating capital account system, all capital additions, initial current account balances, share of profits, salaries, interest on capital, drawings, and interest on drawings are recorded directly in a single capital account.
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