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Difficulty: MediumUrbanization and Urban Settlement Problems

During an urban geography survey of a rapidly expanding metropolitan area, planners observed that low-income residential housing and industrial zones expand outward from the city center in wedge-shaped corridors along major railway lines and highways rather than in continuous concentric rings. Which urban land-use model best explains this spatial growth pattern?

  1. Hoyt's Sector Model, where land-use zones extend outward along transport routes in sectorial wedges.Answer
  2. B
    Burgess's Concentric Zone Model, driven by high rural agricultural wages acting as a push factor into the outer commuter zone.
  3. C
    Linear Settlement Model, formed primarily when nucleated rural villages merge due to high urban dependency ratios.
  4. D
    Harris and Ullman's Multiple Nuclei Model, where working-age populations are inverted to form single-nucleus industrial belts.

Answer

Hoyt's Sector Model, which explains urban expansion in wedge-shaped zones along transportation corridors.
Hoyt's Sector Model specifically accounts for city expansion along major transportation corridors like rail lines and highways. As cities grow, activities expand outward in wedge-shaped sectors radiating from the Central Business District along these transit axes.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the observed urban spatial pattern described in the stem.
Identified that land uses (low-income housing and industry) extend outward along major transportation arteries (railways and highways) in wedge shapes.
Understanding the physical layout and axis of growth is key to matching the correct urban land-use theory.
2
Compare the observed pattern against classical urban land-use models.
Homer Hoyt (1939) developed the Sector Model, which modifies Burgess's concentric circle theory by demonstrating that high-rent and industrial zones grow along radial transit routes.
Burgess proposed concentric rings, whereas Harris and Ullman proposed multiple independent nuclei. Hoyt specifically emphasized transport axes.

Key Concept

Hoyt's Sector Model of Urban Land Use
Estimated Time:1m 0s
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Topics

Urbanization and Urban Settlement Problems

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