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Difficulty: EasyUrbanization and Urban Settlement Problems

Which of the following conditions in rural areas acts as a major push factor driving rural-to-urban migration in developing countries?

  1. Inadequate social amenities and shortage of employment opportunitiesAnswer
  2. B
    Availability of modern healthcare and higher educational institutions
  3. C
    Concentration of manufacturing industries and commercial hubs
  4. D
    Linear alignment of village homesteads along major transport routes

Answer

Inadequate social amenities and shortage of employment opportunities
The correct option identifies inadequate social amenities and a shortage of employment opportunities as rural push factors. In human geography, push factors are disadvantageous or adverse conditions at the place of origin—such as lack of pipe-borne water, poor electricity, and limited jobs—that compel people to move away toward urban centers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define migration push factors in human geography context.
Push factors are negative conditions at a place of origin that compel individuals to leave.
Distinguishing between origin (push) and destination (pull) forces is fundamental to understanding urbanization.
2
Evaluate rural attributes to identify which condition acts as a negative force.
Lack of basic infrastructure and job opportunities in rural regions serve as unfavorable push drivers.
Poverty and inadequate services directly pressure rural inhabitants to seek better opportunities in urban centers.

Key Concept

Migration Push Factors in Urbanization
Estimated Time:45s
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Topics

Urbanization and Urban Settlement Problems

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