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Difficulty: HardAlloys: Classification, Compositions, Physical Properties, and Uses

Match each metallic alloy listed in Column A with its corresponding elemental composition and primary application in Column B.

  • DuraluminAluminum, Copper, Magnesium, and Manganese — Light with high tensile strength, used in aircraft construction
  • BrassCopper and Zinc — Malleable with acoustic properties, used in musical instruments and pipe fittings
  • Stainless SteelIron, Carbon, Chromium, and Nickel — Highly corrosion-resistant, used in cutlery and surgical tools
  • BronzeCopper and Tin — Hard and low-friction, used in statues, bearings, and medals

Answer

Duralumin matches with Aluminum, Copper, Magnesium, and Manganese (aircraft construction); Brass matches with Copper and Zinc (musical instruments and fittings); Stainless Steel matches with Iron, Carbon, Chromium, and Nickel (cutlery and surgical tools); Bronze matches with Copper and Tin (statues, bearings, and medals).
Each alloy is paired strictly according to its constituent metals and major application: Duralumin (Al+Cu+Mg+Mn\text{Al}+\text{Cu}+\text{Mg}+\text{Mn}) for light aircraft structures, Brass (Cu+Zn\text{Cu}+\text{Zn}) for acoustic instruments, Stainless Steel (Fe+C+Cr+Ni\text{Fe}+\text{C}+\text{Cr}+\text{Ni}) for rust-proof tools, and Bronze (Cu+Sn\text{Cu}+\text{Sn}) for low-friction bearings and statues.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the composition and primary characteristic of Duralumin.
Duralumin consists of Al+Cu+Mg+Mn\text{Al} + \text{Cu} + \text{Mg} + \text{Mn}. Its key physical property is low density combined with high tensile strength.
Aluminum is the base metal in lightweight aviation alloys.
2
Differentiate between the copper-based alloys: Brass and Bronze.
Brass is an alloy of copper and zinc (Cu+Zn\text{Cu} + \text{Zn}), whereas Bronze is an alloy of copper and tin (Cu+Sn\text{Cu} + \text{Sn}).
Zinc is added to copper to make brass; tin is added to copper to make bronze.
3
Identify the alloying elements that impart corrosion resistance to steel.
Stainless steel contains chromium and nickel added to iron and carbon.
Chromium reacts with oxygen to form a thin, unreactive passivation layer of chromium(III) oxide (Cr2O3\text{Cr}_2\text{O}_3).

Key Concept

Compositions, physical property modifications, and industrial applications of major metallic alloys.
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Topics

Alloys: Classification, Compositions, Physical Properties, and Uses

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