Question

Difficulty: MediumIndefinite Integration of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions

The rate of change of a function f(x)f(x) with respect to xx is defined by f′(x)=3x2−4x+6sin⁡(3x)f'(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 6\sin(3x). If f(0)=7f(0) = 7, determine the value of the constant of integration, CC.

Answer: 9

Answer

The constant of integration CC is equal to 9.
Integrating f′(x)=3x2−4x+6sin⁡(3x)f'(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 6\sin(3x) gives f(x)=x3−2x2−2cos⁡(3x)+Cf(x) = x^3 - 2x^2 - 2\cos(3x) + C. Substituting x=0x = 0 and f(0)=7f(0) = 7 leads to 7=0−0−2(1)+C7 = 0 - 0 - 2(1) + C, which simplifies to C=9C = 9.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Integrate the rate of change function f′(x)=3x2−4x+6sin⁡(3x)f'(x) = 3x^2 - 4x + 6\sin(3x) with respect to xx.
f(x)=x3−2x2−2cos⁡(3x)+Cf(x) = x^3 - 2x^2 - 2\cos(3x) + C
Using the power rule ∫xndx=xn+1n+1\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1} and trigonometric integration rule ∫sin⁡(kx)dx=−1kcos⁡(kx)\int \sin(kx) dx = -\frac{1}{k}\cos(kx).
2
Substitute the initial condition x=0x = 0 and f(0)=7f(0) = 7 into the expression for f(x)f(x).
7=(0)3−2(0)2−2cos⁡(3⋅0)+C7 = (0)^3 - 2(0)^2 - 2\cos(3 \cdot 0) + C
The curve passes through x=0x = 0 with value y=7y = 7.
3
Evaluate the trigonometric term at zero and solve for CC.
7=−2(1)+C  ⟹  C=97 = -2(1) + C \implies C = 9
Since cos⁡(0)=1\cos(0) = 1, the expression simplifies to 7=−2+C7 = -2 + C, yielding C=9C = 9.

Key Concept

Indefinite Integration of Polynomial and Trigonometric Functions with Boundary Conditions
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