Match each chemical process or reaction involving alkanes and petroleum refining in Column A with its corresponding chemical description or primary purpose in Column B.
- Catalytic CrackingBreaks down long-chain hydrocarbon fractions into shorter, more economically valuable alkanes and alkenes at high temperatures using a catalyst.
- ReformingConverts straight-chain alkanes into branched-chain or aromatic hydrocarbons to increase the octane rating of petrol.
- Complete CombustionReacts alkanes with excess oxygen to produce carbon dioxide and water vapor as the primary products.
- Free-Radical SubstitutionReplaces hydrogen atoms in alkanes with halogen atoms under the influence of ultraviolet light.
Answer
Catalytic Cracking matches with the thermal breakdown of long-chain hydrocarbons into shorter alkanes and alkenes. Reforming matches with converting straight-chain alkanes into branched or aromatic hydrocarbons to boost octane rating. Complete Combustion matches with reacting alkanes in excess oxygen to produce and . Free-Radical Substitution matches with replacing hydrogen atoms with halogens under UV light.
Catalytic Cracking breaks larger hydrocarbon molecules into smaller, more useful molecules (alkanes and alkenes). Reforming increases fuel quality (octane rating) by isomerizing straight chains to branched chains or aromatics. Complete Combustion converts alkanes in excess oxygen to carbon dioxide and water. Free-Radical Substitution halogenates alkanes in the presence of UV light.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Chemical reactions of alkanes and industrial petroleum refining processes