Match each polyfunctional organic compound listed on the left with its principal IUPAC fun… — JAMB UTME

Match each polyfunctional organic compound listed on the left with its principal IUPAC functional group suffix on the right, based on IUPAC nomenclature priority rules.

$\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}$ -oic acid
$\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{CHO}$ -al
$\text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)COCH}_3$ -one
$\text{CH}_2=\text{CHCH}_2\text{OH}$ -ol

Answer

The correct pairings match

\text{HOCH}_2\text{CH}_2\text{COOH}

with -oic acid,

\text{CH}_3\text{COCH}_2\text{CHO}

with -al,

\text{CH}_3\text{CH(OH)COCH}_3

with -one, and

\text{CH}_2=\text{CHCH}_2\text{OH}

with -ol.

In IUPAC nomenclature for polyfunctional organic compounds, the principal functional group determines the ending suffix of the compound name. Carboxylic acid (

-\text{COOH}

) outranks alcohol (

-\text{OH}

), giving -oic acid; aldehyde (

-\text{CHO}

) outranks ketone (

-\text{CO}-

), giving -al; ketone (

-\text{CO}-

) outranks alcohol (

-\text{OH}

), giving -one; and alcohol (

-\text{OH}

) outranks alkene (

\text{C}=\text{C}

), giving -ol.

Step-by-Step Solution

Identify all functional groups present in each compound.

Compound 1 contains hydroxyl and carboxyl; Compound 2 contains ketone and aldehyde; Compound 3 contains hydroxyl and ketone; Compound 4 contains alkene and alcohol.

Identifying all present functional groups is necessary before applying priority rules.

Apply standard IUPAC functional group seniority order.

Priority order: Carboxylic acid (

-\text{COOH}

) > Aldehyde (

-\text{CHO}

) > Ketone (

-\text{CO}-

) > Alcohol (

-\text{OH}

) > Alkene (

\text{C}=\text{C}

The group with higher priority determines the principal suffix of the IUPAC name, while lower priority groups are named as prefixes.

Assign the principal suffix to each compound.

Compound 1 matches -oic acid, Compound 2 matches -al, Compound 3 matches -one, and Compound 4 matches -ol.

Matches each compound structure to its appropriate IUPAC ending based on priority.

Key Concept

IUPAC Functional Group Seniority Hierarchy

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