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Difficulty: EasyAlkanoic Acids, Esterification, Saponification, Fats, and Oils

Match each chemical reaction or process involving alkanoic acid derivatives on the left with its corresponding principal product on the right.

  • Esterification of ethanoic acid and ethanolEthyl ethanoate and water
  • Saponification of a vegetable oil with sodium hydroxideSodium salt of fatty acid (soap) and glycerol
  • Catalytic hydrogenation of liquid vegetable oilSolid saturated fat (margarine)

Answer

The reaction of ethanoic acid and ethanol (esterification) pairs with Ethyl ethanoate and water. The alkaline hydrolysis of oil (saponification) pairs with Sodium salt of fatty acid (soap) and glycerol. The addition of hydrogen to liquid oil (catalytic hydrogenation) pairs with Solid saturated fat (margarine).
Esterification of ethanoic acid and ethanol yields ethyl ethanoate and water. Saponification of vegetable oils with aqueous sodium hydroxide yields fatty acid sodium salts (soap) and glycerol. Catalytic hydrogenation of unsaturated vegetable oils yields solid saturated fats (margarine).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the products of esterification
Ethanoic acid reacts with ethanol in the presence of concentrated tetraoxosulfate(VI) acid to produce ethyl ethanoate and water.
The hydroxyl group of the acid combines with hydrogen from the alkanol to form water, linking the remaining fragments into an ester.
2
Identify the products of saponification
Triglycerides react with boiling aqueous sodium hydroxide to yield sodium alkanoates (soap) and propane-1,2,3-triol (glycerol).
Alkaline cleavage of ester linkages in fats yields carboxylate salts and frees the triol backbone.
3
Identify the products of catalytic hydrogenation
Unsaturated fatty acid chains in liquid vegetable oils undergo addition of hydrogen to form saturated chains, hardening the oil into solid fat.
Reducing double bonds increases the melting point, transforming liquid oils into margarine.

Key Concept

Reactions and Industrial Products of Alkanoic Acids, Esters, Fats, and Oils
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Topics

Alkanoic Acids, Esterification, Saponification, Fats, and Oils

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