Question

Difficulty: MediumTransfer of Finished Goods at Market Value and Manufacturing Profit

Match each accounting item or term related to the transfer of finished goods at market value with its corresponding accounting treatment or definition.

  • Transfer Value of Finished GoodsCredited to the Manufacturing Account and debited to the Trading Account at market price.
  • Manufacturing ProfitCredited to the Profit and Loss Account as profit generated by the manufacturing department.
  • Provision for Unrealized ProfitDeducted from closing finished goods inventory in the Statement of Financial Position to restore stock to original cost.
  • Cost of ProductionTotal prime cost plus factory overheads adjusted for opening and closing work-in-progress.

Answer

Transfer Value of Finished Goods matches with being credited to the Manufacturing Account and debited to the Trading Account at market price; Manufacturing Profit matches with being credited to the Profit and Loss Account as profit generated by the manufacturing department; Provision for Unrealized Profit matches with being deducted from closing finished goods inventory in the Statement of Financial Position to restore stock to original cost; Cost of Production matches with being the total prime cost plus factory overheads adjusted for opening and closing work-in-progress.
Each item correctly matches its standard accounting function: Transfer Value of Finished Goods bridges manufacturing and trading at market price; Manufacturing Profit records factory profit in the P&L; Provision for Unrealized Profit reduces unsold inventory back to cost on the balance sheet; and Cost of Production measures total manufacturing expenditure before profit markup.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the destination of goods transferred at market value.
The market value of completed goods is credited to the Manufacturing Account and debited to the Trading Account.
This transfers the completed goods from the factory to the selling department at market value.
2
Determine how manufacturing profit is treated in financial statements.
Manufacturing profit (Market Value - Cost of Production) is recognized by crediting the Profit and Loss Account.
It represents internal profit earned by manufacturing goods in-house rather than purchasing from external suppliers.
3
Analyze the adjustment needed for closing inventory containing internal profit.
Provision for unrealized profit is deducted from closing inventory on the balance sheet.
According to the prudence concept, unsold stock must not be valued above cost, so internal profit on unsold goods must be eliminated.
4
Define cost of production in manufacturing accounts.
Cost of production is the sum of direct material, direct labor, direct expenses (prime cost), and factory overheads adjusted for work-in-progress.
It represents the total cost incurred to produce goods before applying any market markup.

Key Concept

Accounting treatment of finished goods transferred at market value, manufacturing profit, and unrealized profit provision.
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