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Difficulty: MediumWater of Crystallization, Deliquescence, Efflorescence, and Hygroscopy

Match each chemical term or phenomenon on the left with its correct defining characteristic on the right.

  • DeliquescenceSpontaneous absorption of atmospheric moisture until the solid completely dissolves into a liquid solution
  • EfflorescenceProcess in which a crystalline salt loses water vapor to dry air, forming a powdery residue
  • HygroscopyAbsorption of water vapor from the surrounding atmosphere without dissolving or forming a liquid solution
  • Water of crystallizationDefinite ratio of water molecules stoichiometrically locked inside a salt's crystal framework

Answer

Deliquescence matches the spontaneous absorption of atmospheric moisture until dissolving into a solution; Efflorescence matches the loss of water vapor to dry air forming a powdery residue; Hygroscopy matches the absorption of water vapor without dissolving; Water of crystallization matches the definite ratio of water molecules chemically bound in a crystal lattice.
Deliquescence describes solids absorbing moisture until they dissolve into a solution. Efflorescence describes hydrated crystals spontaneously losing water of crystallization into dry air to become powdery. Hygroscopy describes substances absorbing water vapor without turning into a solution. Water of crystallization is the fixed stoichiometric quantity of water built into the salt crystal structure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Define deliquescence and match it with its defining process.
Deliquescence is matched with spontaneous absorption of moisture until the solid completely dissolves into a liquid solution.
Deliquescent solids absorb so much water from moist air that they form a liquid solution.
2
Define efflorescence and match it with its defining process.
Efflorescence is matched with the process in which a crystalline salt loses water vapor to dry air, forming a powdery residue.
This occurs because the vapor pressure of the hydrated crystal exceeds the ambient atmospheric water vapor pressure.
3
Define hygroscopy and distinguish it from deliquescence.
Hygroscopy is matched with the absorption of water vapor from the surrounding atmosphere without dissolving or forming a liquid solution.
Hygroscopic materials absorb water but remain in their original state without liquefying into a solution.
4
Define water of crystallization.
Water of crystallization is matched with the definite ratio of water molecules stoichiometrically locked inside a salt's crystal framework.
It represents the chemically bound water necessary for maintaining the specific crystal structure of hydrated salts.

Key Concept

Atmospheric Behavior and Hydration of Salts
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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Topics

Water of Crystallization, Deliquescence, Efflorescence, and Hygroscopy

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