Question

Difficulty: Very hardDifferentiation of Trigonometric, Exponential, and Logarithmic Functions

If y=esin⁡2xln⁡(tan⁡x)y = e^{\sin 2x} \ln(\tan x), what is the value of dydx\frac{dy}{dx} at x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}?

  1. 2e2eAnswer
  2. B
    ee
  3. C
    −2e-2e
  4. D
    00

Answer

The derivative evaluated at x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4} is 2e2e.
Applying the product rule dydx=u′v+uv′\frac{dy}{dx} = u'v + uv' to y=esin⁡2xln⁡(tan⁡x)y = e^{\sin 2x} \ln(\tan x) gives u′=2cos⁡(2x)esin⁡2xu' = 2\cos(2x)e^{\sin 2x} and v′=2csc⁡(2x)v' = 2\csc(2x). At x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}, cos⁡(2x)=cos⁡(π/2)=0\cos(2x) = \cos(\pi/2) = 0, which vanishes the first term. The second term evaluates to esin⁡(π/2)⋅2csc⁡(π/2)=e1⋅2(1)=2ee^{\sin(\pi/2)} \cdot 2\csc(\pi/2) = e^1 \cdot 2(1) = 2e.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the product rule structure for y=u⋅vy = u \cdot v, where u=esin⁡2xu = e^{\sin 2x} and v=ln⁡(tan⁡x)v = \ln(\tan x).
The product rule states dydx=u′v+uv′\frac{dy}{dx} = u'v + uv'.
The given function is a product of an exponential function and a logarithmic function.
2
Differentiate u=esin⁡2xu = e^{\sin 2x} using the chain rule.
dudx=ddx(sin⁡2x)⋅esin⁡2x=2cos⁡(2x)esin⁡2x\frac{du}{dx} = \frac{d}{dx}(\sin 2x) \cdot e^{\sin 2x} = 2\cos(2x) e^{\sin 2x}.
The inner function is sin⁡2x\sin 2x, whose derivative is 2cos⁡2x2\cos 2x.
3
Differentiate v=ln⁡(tan⁡x)v = \ln(\tan x) using the chain rule.
dvdx=1tan⁡x⋅sec⁡2x=cos⁡xsin⁡x⋅1cos⁡2x=1sin⁡xcos⁡x=2csc⁡(2x)\frac{dv}{dx} = \frac{1}{\tan x} \cdot \sec^2 x = \frac{\cos x}{\sin x} \cdot \frac{1}{\cos^2 x} = \frac{1}{\sin x \cos x} = 2\csc(2x).
Simplifying sec⁡2xtan⁡x\frac{\sec^2 x}{\tan x} gives 2sin⁡2x=2csc⁡(2x)\frac{2}{\sin 2x} = 2\csc(2x).
4
Combine terms into the product rule expression.
dydx=[2cos⁡(2x)esin⁡2xln⁡(tan⁡x)]+[esin⁡2x⋅2csc⁡(2x)]\frac{dy}{dx} = [2\cos(2x) e^{\sin 2x} \ln(\tan x)] + [e^{\sin 2x} \cdot 2\csc(2x)].
Substitute u,u′,v,v′u, u', v, v' into dydx=u′v+uv′\frac{dy}{dx} = u'v + uv'.
5
Evaluate the derivative at x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}.
At x=π4x = \frac{\pi}{4}, 2x=π22x = \frac{\pi}{2}. Thus, cos⁡(π/2)=0\cos(\pi/2) = 0, tan⁡(π/4)=1  ⟹  ln⁡(1)=0\tan(\pi/4) = 1 \implies \ln(1) = 0, sin⁡(π/2)=1\sin(\pi/2) = 1, and csc⁡(π/2)=1\csc(\pi/2) = 1. The first term becomes 00, and the second term becomes e1⋅2(1)=2ee^{1} \cdot 2(1) = 2e. Thus, dydx=2e\frac{dy}{dx} = 2e.
Substitute special angle values into the expression to compute the numerical result.

Key Concept

Product Rule and Chain Rule for Transcendental Functions
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