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Difficulty: MediumPopulation Migration Causes and Effects

During a five-year demographic survey period, a coastal region in Nigeria recorded an initial total population of 1,200,0001,200,000. Over this period, total live births were 150,000150,000 and total deaths recorded were 70,00070,000. At the end of the five years, a census established the total population at 1,340,0001,340,000. Assuming no other vital statistics apply, calculate the net migration (the net gain of in-migrants over out-migrants) experienced by the region over this period.

Answer: 60000 migrants

Answer

The net migration for the region over the five-year period is 60,000 migrants.
According to the fundamental demographic balancing equation, total population change equals natural increase (births minus deaths) plus net migration. With an overall population growth of 140,000140,000 and a natural increase of 80,00080,000, the remaining gain of 60,00060,000 represents net inward migration.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total overall population growth (ΔP\Delta P)
ΔP=1,340,000−1,200,000=140,000\Delta P = 1,340,000 - 1,200,000 = 140,000
Total change in population is the final census figure minus the initial base population.
2
Calculate the natural increase (NINI)
NI=Births−Deaths=150,000−70,000=80,000NI = \text{Births} - \text{Deaths} = 150,000 - 70,000 = 80,000
Natural increase measures population growth resulting purely from vital events (births and deaths).
3
Apply the demographic balancing equation to isolate Net Migration (NMNM)
NM=ΔP−NI=140,000−80,000=60,000NM = \Delta P - NI = 140,000 - 80,000 = 60,000
Any population growth beyond natural increase is attributed to net migration (in-migrants minus out-migrants).

Key Concept

Demographic Balancing Equation and Net Migration Calculation
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Topics

Population Migration Causes and Effects

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