Question

Difficulty: MediumTrigonometric Graphs and Simple Equations

For the interval 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ, solve the trigonometric equation 2cos⁡2x−cos⁡x−1=02\cos^2 x - \cos x - 1 = 0. Which set contains all the solutions for xx?

  1. 0∘,120∘,240∘,360∘0^\circ, 120^\circ, 240^\circ, 360^\circAnswer
  2. B
    60∘,120∘,240∘,300∘60^\circ, 120^\circ, 240^\circ, 300^\circ
  3. C
    0∘,120∘,360∘0^\circ, 120^\circ, 360^\circ
  4. D
    60∘,300∘,360∘60^\circ, 300^\circ, 360^\circ

Answer

The complete set of solutions is 0∘,120∘,240∘,360∘0^\circ, 120^\circ, 240^\circ, 360^\circ.
Factoring 2cos⁡2x−cos⁡x−1=02\cos^2 x - \cos x - 1 = 0 gives (2cos⁡x+1)(cos⁡x−1)=0(2\cos x + 1)(\cos x - 1) = 0. Setting the first factor to zero yields cos⁡x=−12\cos x = -\frac{1}{2}, which has solutions at 120∘120^\circ and 240∘240^\circ in the interval [0∘,360∘][0^\circ, 360^\circ]. Setting the second factor to zero gives cos⁡x=1\cos x = 1, which has solutions at 0∘0^\circ and 360∘360^\circ. Combining these yields the set 0∘,120∘,240∘,360∘0^\circ, 120^\circ, 240^\circ, 360^\circ.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Factor the quadratic trigonometric equation
(2cos⁡x+1)(cos⁡x−1)=0(2\cos x + 1)(\cos x - 1) = 0
Treat cos⁡x\cos x as a single variable to simplify into standard quadratic factors.
2
Set each factor to zero to find values for cos⁡x\cos x
cos⁡x=1\cos x = 1 or cos⁡x=−12\cos x = -\frac{1}{2}
Zero-product property requires at least one factor to be zero.
3
Solve for xx in the interval 0∘≤x≤360∘0^\circ \le x \le 360^\circ
For cos⁡x=1\cos x = 1: x=0∘,360∘x = 0^\circ, 360^\circ. For cos⁡x=−12\cos x = -\frac{1}{2}: x=180∘−60∘=120∘x = 180^\circ - 60^\circ = 120^\circ (Quadrant II) and x=180∘+60∘=240∘x = 180^\circ + 60^\circ = 240^\circ (Quadrant III).
Cosine is negative in Quadrants II and III, with a reference angle of 60∘60^\circ.
4
Combine all unique solutions in ascending order
x=0∘,120∘,240∘,360∘x = 0^\circ, 120^\circ, 240^\circ, 360^\circ
Include all solutions within the given domain boundaries.

Key Concept

Solving Quadratic Trigonometric Equations
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