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Difficulty: Very hardEconomic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

Arrange the following key historical milestones in the evolution of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) in correct chronological order from earliest to latest.

  1. 1Signing of the Treaty of Lagos establishing ECOWAS
  2. 2Deployment of the ECOWAS Monitoring Group (ECOMOG) peacekeepers to Liberia
  3. 3Signing of the Revised ECOWAS Treaty in Cotonou
  4. 4Adoption of the Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security

Answer

The correct chronological sequence of ECOWAS events is: (1) Signing of the Treaty of Lagos establishing ECOWAS (May 1975), (2) Deployment of ECOMOG peacekeepers to Liberia (August 1990), (3) Signing of the Revised ECOWAS Treaty in Cotonou (July 1993), and (4) Adoption of the Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security (December 1999).
The correct sequence begins with the Treaty of Lagos in May 1975, which established ECOWAS. Next came the creation and deployment of ECOMOG to Liberia in August 1990. Experiencing security challenges prompted member states to sign the Revised ECOWAS Treaty in Cotonou in July 1993. Finally, in December 1999, ECOWAS adopted the comprehensive Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security to anchor its peace and security framework.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the creation year of ECOWAS.
The Treaty of Lagos was signed on May 28, 1975.
The initial founding of the economic community is the first event chronologically.
2
Determine the date of the first ECOMOG field intervention.
ECOMOG peacekeepers were deployed to Liberia in August 1990.
This marked ECOWAS's initial emergency transition from economic cooperation into regional defense and security management.
3
Identify when the ECOWAS founding treaty was formally revised.
The Revised ECOWAS Treaty was signed in Cotonou, Benin, in July 1993.
Lessons learned from early economic delays and security challenges in Liberia led directly to this 1993 structural revision.
4
Determine the adoption date of the conflict prevention mechanism protocol.
The Protocol Relating to the Mechanism for Conflict Prevention, Management, Resolution, Peacekeeping and Security was signed in December 1999.
This decision formally institutionalized permanent security instruments based on Article 58 of the 1993 Revised Treaty.

Key Concept

Chronological development of ECOWAS protocols, peacekeeping operations, and institutional security mechanisms.
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Topics

Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS)

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