Question

Difficulty: HardInternal Controls in Computerized Accounting

A commercial bank operates an integrated computerized accounting system to process daily transaction batches and generate financial statements. Match each computerized internal control mechanism on the left with its appropriate functional control classification on the right.

  • Range and Limit CheckInput Application Control that validates whether entered data values fall within pre-established acceptable numerical boundaries.
  • Segregation of Systems Development and OperationsGeneral IT Control that prevents computer operators from altering application software source code or programs.
  • Electronic Transaction LogAuditability Control that automatically records chronological user activities to reconstruct transaction history.
  • Hash Total VerificationProcessing Application Control that verifies batch integrity by calculating totals of non-financial numeric fields.

Answer

Range and Limit Check matches Input Application Control validating numerical boundaries; Segregation of Systems Development and Operations matches General IT Control preventing code alteration; Electronic Transaction Log matches Auditability Control recording chronological activity; Hash Total Verification matches Processing Application Control verifying batch integrity via non-financial sums.
Each control mechanism correctly aligns with its primary scope: Range and Limit Checks enforce input data validity; Segregation of IT roles acts as a general IT governance control; Electronic Transaction Logs maintain the audit trail; and Hash Totals ensure batch processing completeness.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Range and Limit Check
Identified as an input validation control operating at data entry.
Input application controls screen individual transactions against logical constraints before processing.
2
Analyze Segregation of Systems Development and Operations
Identified as an organizational general IT control governing operational permissions.
General controls establish broad organizational safeguards across all IT systems and software modification procedures.
3
Analyze Electronic Transaction Log
Identified as an audit trail component preserving data history.
Because paper records are reduced in IT systems, auditability depends on background system logging.
4
Analyze Hash Total Verification
Identified as a batch processing control summing non-monetary numbers.
Hash totals confirm complete processing of all records in a batch without data loss.

Key Concept

Distinction and Application of General IT Controls, Application Controls, and Audit Trail Mechanisms in Accounting Systems
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