Certain rod-shaped bacteria in Kingdom Monera survive extreme environmental stress such as prolonged desiccation, high temperature, and chemical disinfectants by forming specialized dormant cells. Which cellular modification is primarily responsible for the heat resistance and structural stability of these bacterial endospores?
- A dehydrated core containing dipicolinic acid complexed with calcium ions surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan cortexAnswer
- BA rigid outer wall composed of cellulose microfibrils and pectin matrix
- CAn acellular protein capsid shell protecting a naked RNA genome without metabolic organelles
- DA thick-walled heterocyst engineered for anaerobic nitrogen fixation using nitrogenase enzymes
Answer
A dehydrated core containing dipicolinic acid complexed with calcium ions surrounded by a thick peptidoglycan cortex
The correct answer highlights the presence of calcium dipicolinate and dehydration within a thick peptidoglycan cortex. This specific biochemical makeup protects bacterial DNA and enzymes from denaturation caused by heat, desiccation, and chemical agents during adverse conditions.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Bacterial Endospore Structure and Survival Adaptations