All practice questions

Question 6541Question →

For a medium of exchange to function effectively in an economy, it must be recognized, approved, and willingly taken by all members of the public as settlement for debts and purchases. Which essential characteristic of money does this statement describe?

General acceptability

Divisibility

Portability

Durability

Show answer & explanation

Answer: General acceptability

Answer

General acceptability

General acceptability is the prime quality of money. An item functions as money primarily because people have confidence that others will accept it in exchange for goods, services, or debt settlements.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the key defining feature in the prompt

The prompt emphasizes that everyone in the economy recognizes, approves, and willingly accepts the item as payment.

Understanding the central attribute helps differentiate between physical traits and social/legal attributes of money.

2

Match the attribute to the correct characteristic

The willingness of all individuals to accept an item as payment defines 'General Acceptability'.

Without general acceptability, an item cannot serve as a medium of exchange regardless of its physical traits.

Key Concept

Characteristics of Money - General Acceptability

Estimated Time:45s

Question 6542Question →

Match each money market instrument on the left with its primary issuing institution or operational mechanism on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Treasury Bills match short-term debt instruments issued by the Central Bank on behalf of the government; Certificate of Deposit matches negotiable short-term receipts issued by commercial banks acknowledging a specified sum deposited; Bankers' Acceptance matches time drafts drawn on and accepted by a commercial bank to guarantee trade payment; Commercial Paper matches unsecured short-term promissory notes issued by creditworthy corporate bodies.

Treasury Bills represent government short-term debt issued by central banks; Certificates of Deposit are bank-issued interest-bearing deposit documents; Bankers' Acceptances provide commercial bank guarantees on international trade bills; Commercial Papers are short-term debt notes issued by financially solid corporations.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the issuing source and functional role of each money market instrument.

Treasury Bills are government obligations issued via the Central Bank. Certificates of Deposit originate from commercial banks for deposits. Bankers' Acceptances are trade financing drafts guaranteed by banks. Commercial Papers are corporate unsecured liabilities.

Distinguishing between public, bank-issued, corporate, and trade-related short-term credit instruments enables precise matching.

2

Match each instrument to its specific operational definition.

Treasury Bills -> Central Bank government borrowing; Certificate of Deposit -> Commercial bank deposit receipt; Bankers' Acceptance -> Bank-accepted draft for international trade; Commercial Paper -> Corporate unsecured promissory note.

Aligns each term with its primary institutional issuer and purpose.

Key Concept

Distinction and operations of money market instruments

Question 6543Question →

Match the following business combination types and organizational structures on the left with their correct operational or legal descriptions on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Holding Company matches with the corporate entity securing controlling power by acquiring over 50% of voting equity shares; Subsidiary Company matches with the distinct legal enterprise governed by a dominant parent enterprise; Consortium matches with the temporary alliance formed to pool capital and expertise for a specific project; Cartel matches with the association of independent producers agreeing to limit competition by fixing prices or output quotas.

Each combination form corresponds precisely to its defining legal and operational characteristic: holding companies maintain majority stock ownership; subsidiary companies operate under parent governance; consortia collaborate temporarily on large ventures; and cartels collude to restrict price and supply competition.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze equity ownership relationships in business combinations.

Establish that owning more than 50% of voting shares creates a Holding Company (parent) and Subsidiary Company relationship.

Equity control allows a parent holding entity to dictate financial and operating policies of the subsidiary.

2

Differentiate project-specific alliances from collusive market arrangements.

Link Consortium to resource-pooling for a defined project, and Cartel to restrictive producer agreements on prices and production quotas.

Consortia are focused on joint operational delivery for capital projects, whereas cartels act to suppress market competition.

Key Concept

Business Combinations: Mergers, Acquisitions, Holding, and Subsidiary Companies

Question 6544Question →

Find the value of the definite integral $\int_{1}^{2} \left(x + \frac{1}{x^2}\right) dx$ .

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2

Answer

The value of the definite integral is 2.

Integrating

x + x^{-2}

gives

\frac{x^2}{2} - \frac{1}{x}

. Evaluating from

x=1

to

x=2

yields

\left(2 - \frac{1}{2}\right) - \left(\frac{1}{2} - 1\right) = \frac{3}{2} - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = 2

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Find the antiderivative of

f(x) = x + x^{-2}

F(x) = \frac{x^2}{2} - \frac{1}{x} + C

Apply the power rule of integration

\int x^n dx = \frac{x^{n+1}}{n+1}

for

n \neq -1

.

2

Evaluate

F(x)

at the upper boundary

x = 2

F(2) = \frac{2^2}{2} - \frac{1}{2} = 2 - \frac{1}{2} = \frac{3}{2}

Substitute

x = 2

into the antiderivative.

3

Evaluate

F(x)

at the lower boundary

x = 1

F(1) = \frac{1^2}{2} - \frac{1}{1} = \frac{1}{2} - 1 = -\frac{1}{2}

Substitute

x = 1

into the antiderivative.

4

Calculate

F(2) - F(1)

\frac{3}{2} - \left(-\frac{1}{2}\right) = \frac{3}{2} + \frac{1}{2} = 2

Apply the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus:

\int_{a}^{b} f(x) dx = F(b) - F(a)

.

Key Concept

Definite Integration using the Power Rule

Question 6545Question →

A solid metal block absorbs $3600\text{ J}$ of thermal energy when its temperature increases from $20^\circ\text{C}$ to $60^\circ\text{C}$ . If the block has a mass of $2.0\text{ kg}$ , what is the heat capacity of the block?

90\text{ J K}^{-1}

45\text{ J K}^{-1}

180\text{ J K}^{-1}

60\text{ J K}^{-1}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $90\text{ J K}^{-1}$

Answer

The heat capacity of the block is

90\text{ J K}^{-1}

.

The correct answer is

90\text{ J K}^{-1}

because heat capacity is defined as

C = \frac{Q}{\Delta T}

. Dividing the absorbed heat of

3600\text{ J}

by the temperature change of

40\text{ K}

yields

90\text{ J K}^{-1}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate the temperature change (

\Delta T

)

\Delta T = 60^\circ\text{C} - 20^\circ\text{C} = 40\text{ K}

Heat capacity depends on the change in temperature, not the initial or final temperature values.

2

Apply the formula for total heat capacity (

C = \frac{Q}{\Delta T}

)

C = \frac{3600\text{ J}}{40\text{ K}} = 90\text{ J K}^{-1}

Heat capacity

C

measures the total thermal energy required to raise the entire body's temperature by one degree Kelvin (or Celsius).

Key Concept

Heat capacity (

C

) represents the heat quantity needed to change a body's temperature by

1\text{ K}

(

C = \frac{Q}{\Delta T}

), whereas specific heat capacity (

c

) is heat capacity per unit mass (

c = \frac{Q}{m\Delta T}

).

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 6546Question →

A business owner acquires a piece of industrial equipment under a hire purchase agreement. The cash price of the equipment is $₦2,500,000$ . The contract requires an initial deposit of $25\%$ of the cash price, with the remaining balance subject to simple interest of $12\%$ per annum calculated over a term of $2$ years. If the principal balance and total interest are repaid in equal monthly installments over the $2$ -year period, what is the amount of each monthly installment in Naira?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 96875

Answer

The amount of each monthly installment is ₦96,875.

To determine the monthly installment in a hire purchase transaction, deducting the

25\%

deposit (

₦625,000

) from the cash price (

₦2,500,000

) yields an unpaid balance of

₦1,875,000

. Applying

12\%

per annum interest for

2

years yields total interest of

₦450,000

. Combining the balance and total interest gives

₦2,325,000

. Dividing this total by

24

months yields

₦96,875

per month.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate the initial cash deposit required

0.25 \times ₦2,500,000 = ₦625,000

The buyer must pay 25% of the total cash price upfront.

2

Find the remaining unpaid principal balance

₦2,500,000 - ₦625,000 = ₦1,875,000

Interest is charged only on the balance remaining after paying the deposit.

3

Calculate the total simple interest accrued over 2 years

₦1,875,000 \times 0.12 \times 2 = ₦450,000

Simple interest formula is

I = P \times R \times T

where

P = ₦1,875,000

,

R = 12\%

, and

T = 2

years.

4

Calculate the total sum to be spread across monthly installments

₦1,875,000 + ₦450,000 = ₦2,325,000

The total installment debt consists of the outstanding principal balance plus the accrued interest.

5

Determine the value of each monthly installment

\frac{₦2,325,000}{24} = ₦96,875

A 2-year period comprises 24 equal monthly payments.

Key Concept

Calculation of Hire Purchase Interest and Monthly Installments

Question 6547Question →

Arrange the following key historical events of the Nigerian Civil War era (1967–1970) in their correct chronological sequence, from earliest to latest:

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological order of events is: Aburi Peace Conference (January 1967) → Creation of 12 states (May 27, 1967) → Declaration of the Republic of Biafra (May 30, 1967) → Outbreak of military hostilities at Garkem (July 6, 1967).

The correct sequence begins with the Aburi Conference in January 1967, followed by the federal decree creating 12 states on May 27, 1967, the declaration of Biafra on May 30, 1967, and finally the outbreak of military hostilities at Garkem on July 6, 1967.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the date of the Aburi Peace Conference.

January 1967.

This meeting was held in Ghana prior to any territorial restructuring or military action.

2

Determine the date of General Gowon's state creation decree.

May 27, 1967.

The Federal Military Government abolished the regional arrangement in favor of a 12-state federation.

3

Identify the date of Biafra's secession declaration.

May 30, 1967.

Lt. Col. Ojukwu declared Eastern Nigeria as the sovereign Republic of Biafra three days after the state creation decree.

4

Establish the date when active combat began.

July 6, 1967.

Federal troops initiated military operations at Garkem to force Biafra back into the federation.

Key Concept

Pre-war chronological progression of diplomatic breakdown and conflict triggers in Nigeria (1967)

Question 6548Question →

Match each dramatic genre listed on the left with its defining structural element or resolution on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Farce matches with exaggerated physical comedy and absurd situations; Melodrama matches with sensationalist plots and clear moral polarities; Tragicomedy matches with blending serious conflict with humorous elements leading to a happy resolution; Classical Tragedy matches with a noble protagonist whose downfall is caused by a tragic flaw.

Each dramatic genre is matched to its core defining structural element and resolution: Farce uses absurd physical comedy; Melodrama uses sensational moral polarities; Tragicomedy balances serious conflict with comedic resolution; Classical Tragedy depicts a noble figure's downfall caused by a character flaw.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the defining characteristics of Farce

Identify that Farce relies on absurd situations, physical slapstick, and improbability.

Farce is a subgenre of comedy designed to induce laughter through absurd scenarios.

2

Analyze the defining characteristics of Melodrama

Identify that Melodrama centers on sensationalism, intense emotions, and exaggerated moral conflict.

Melodrama prioritizes emotional appeal and stark hero/villain dynamics over complex characterization.

3

Analyze the defining characteristics of Tragicomedy

Identify that Tragicomedy mixes serious themes with comic relief to avert tragic catastrophe.

Tragicomedy straddles tragic tension and comedic resolution.

4

Analyze the defining characteristics of Classical Tragedy

Identify that Classical Tragedy involves a noble hero suffering downfall due to hamartia or hubris.

Aristotelian tragedy requires a high-status protagonist whose moral defect leads to catastrophe.

Key Concept

Types and Genres of Drama

Question 6549Question →

Apex Insurance Plc issues a comprehensive policy covering a multi-billion naira industrial facility. To protect itself from catastrophic loss, Apex Insurance transfers a portion of this insured risk to another insurance firm. Which insurance concept is illustrated by this business arrangement?

Reinsurance

Co-insurance

Underwriting

Indemnity

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Reinsurance

Answer

Reinsurance

Reinsurance is the process where a primary insurer (the ceding company) transfers part of its risk liability to another insurance company (the reinsurer) to prevent severe financial strain from large claims.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the relationship between the parties in the scenario

The primary insurer (Apex Insurance Plc) accepted a risk directly from a client and then transferred a part of that risk to another insurer.

Understanding who is sharing the risk distinguishes reinsurance from direct insurance or co-insurance.

2

Match the transaction type to the correct commercial insurance term

Insurance bought by an insurance company from another insurer is termed reinsurance.

Reinsurance provides risk protection for the primary insurance company itself.

Key Concept

Reinsurance Concept

Question 6550Question →

Match each character type or characterization technique on the left with its corresponding defining narrative function on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Flat Character matches with a static character constructed around a single trait; Dynamic Character matches with a character undergoing internal growth; Foil Character matches with a character contrasting with another to highlight traits; Indirect Characterization matches with revealing personality through actions and speech.

Each concept is correctly paired with its defining narrative function: a flat character is single-trait and static; a dynamic character undergoes internal evolution; a foil highlights another character's qualities by contrast; and indirect characterization reveals traits implicitly through behavior and speech.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the definitions of prose character types based on stability and development.

Flat characters are single-dimensional and static, while dynamic characters develop and change over the narrative arc.

Character types are classified by their degree of internal complexity and capacity for change.

2

Examine relational character roles and methods of character presentation.

Foils serve a comparative structural role to illuminate another character's traits, whereas indirect characterization is a narrative method using action and dialogue.

Distinguishing between character function and authorial technique clarifies how narrative meaning is constructed.

3

Match each left-column term with its precise right-column literary description.

All terms are correctly aligned with their exact functional descriptions.

Each concept aligns uniquely with its corresponding narrative definition.

Key Concept

Character Types and Techniques of Characterization

Estimated Time:1m 30s

Question 6551Question →

A wholesaler in Onitsha buys 500 bags of rice on credit, contracting to settle the debt with a fixed sum in three months. Simultaneously, the wholesaler lists the selling price of each bag in naira on a price tag to allow customers to compare values easily. Which combination of money functions is illustrated by the wholesaler's actions?

Standard of deferred payment and unit of account

Medium of exchange and store of value

Store of value and standard of deferred payment

Medium of exchange and unit of account

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Standard of deferred payment and unit of account

Answer

Standard of deferred payment and unit of account

The correct answer accurately pairs the two distinct functions shown in the scenario. Entering into a contract to pay for goods at a later date utilizes money as a standard of deferred payment. Displaying goods with prices expressed in monetary units enables customers to assess relative worth, which demonstrates money's role as a unit of account.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the first action: purchasing on credit with an agreement to settle a fixed sum in three months.

Identified as a secondary function of money enabling credit transactions and future debt settlement.

Money serves as a standard of deferred payment when it allows obligations to be incurred now and paid in the future.

2

Analyze the second action: listing prices on tags in currency terms to facilitate value comparison.

Identified as a primary function of money acting as a common denominator for measuring value.

Money acts as a unit of account (or measure of value) when goods and services are priced in monetary terms.

3

Combine the identified functions to select the matching option pair.

The correct combination is standard of deferred payment and unit of account.

Both identified functions accurately correspond to the two actions in the scenario.

Key Concept

Functions of Money (Primary vs. Secondary)

Question 6552Question →

A sledge of mass $8.0\text{ kg}$ sliding on ice with an initial velocity of $15\text{ m s}^{-1}$ enters a rough patch that exerts a constant retarding force of $24\text{ N}$ . Calculate the time, in seconds, required for the sledge to come to a complete stop.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 5

Answer

The time required for the sledge to come to a complete stop is

5.0\text{ s}

.

By Newton's second law in terms of momentum, the rate of change of momentum is equal to the applied net force (

F = \frac{\Delta p}{\Delta t}

). Rearranging gives

\Delta t = \frac{m(v - u)}{F}

. Substituting

m = 8.0\text{ kg}

,

u = 15\text{ m s}^{-1}

,

v = 0\text{ m s}^{-1}

, and retarding force

F = -24\text{ N}

yields

\Delta t = \frac{8.0 \times (0 - 15)}{-24} = 5.0\text{ s}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Determine the change in linear momentum of the sledge.

The change in linear momentum is

\Delta p = m(v - u) = 8.0\text{ kg} \times (0\text{ m s}^{-1} - 15\text{ m s}^{-1}) = -120\text{ kg m s}^{-1}

.

Linear momentum is defined as the product of mass and velocity.

2

Apply the impulse-momentum theorem to determine the time duration.

\Delta t = \frac{\Delta p}{F} = \frac{-120\text{ kg m s}^{-1}}{-24\text{ N}} = 5.0\text{ s}

.

Impulse delivered by a net force over a time interval equals the change in linear momentum.

Key Concept

Newton's Second Law and Impulse-Momentum Theorem

Question 6553Question →

In home trade transactions, various commercial documents serve distinct accounting and logistics functions. Match each home trade document on the left with its corresponding transactional role on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Debit Note matches with notification of account increase for undercharges; Credit Note matches with notification of account reduction for overcharges or returns; Advice Note matches with dispatch notification of goods en route; Consignment Note matches with third-party carrier transport contract and receipt.

The correct pairing accurately reflects the specific accounting and logistical purposes of each commercial document in home trade: Debit Notes correct undercharges by increasing the buyer's balance; Credit Notes correct overcharges or handle returns by reducing the buyer's balance; Advice Notes inform buyers of shipment dispatch; and Consignment Notes serve as carriage contracts and receipt proof for third-party haulers.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze accounting correction documents

Debit Note increases the customer's balance owed (undercharge correction), while Credit Note reduces the balance owed (overcharge correction or goods return).

Understanding debit and credit ledger entries is essential for distinguishing correction documents.

2

Analyze logistics and delivery documents

Advice Note informs the customer directly of shipment dispatch, whereas Consignment Note accompanies freight handled by third-party carriers.

Differentiating seller-to-buyer notifications from carrier carriage contracts clarifies document usage.

3

Pair each document with its exact functional definition

Debit Note pairs with the notification of increased indebtedness; Credit Note pairs with the notification of reduced indebtedness; Advice Note pairs with the dispatch notice; Consignment Note pairs with the independent carrier contract.

Establishes accurate functional alignment across all four commercial documents.

Key Concept

Commercial Documents in Home Trade

Question 6554Question →

Monochromatic light of frequency $8.0 \times 10^{14}\text{ Hz}$ illuminates a metal surface with a work function of $2.2\text{ eV}$ . If the intensity of the incident light is doubled while keeping the frequency constant, what is the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons? ( $h = 6.6 \times 10^{-34}\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}$ , $1\text{ eV} = 1.6 \times 10^{-19}\text{ J}$ )

1.1\text{ eV}

2.2\text{ eV}

3.3\text{ eV}

4.4\text{ eV}

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $1.1\text{ eV}$

Answer

The maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photoelectrons remains

1.1\text{ eV}

.

According to Einstein's photoelectric equation,

K_{\max} = hf - W_0

. For incident light of frequency

8.0 \times 10^{14}\text{ Hz}

, the photon energy is

3.3\text{ eV}

. Subtracting the work function of

2.2\text{ eV}

yields

K_{\max} = 1.1\text{ eV}

. Because maximum kinetic energy depends solely on photon frequency and the metal's work function, changing the light intensity has no impact on

K_{\max}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate the energy of the incident photon in Joules and convert to electron-volts (eV).

E = hf = (6.6 \times 10^{-34}\text{ J}\cdot\text{s}) \times (8.0 \times 10^{14}\text{ Hz}) = 5.28 \times 10^{-19}\text{ J} = \frac{5.28 \times 10^{-19}}{1.6 \times 10^{-19}}\text{ eV} = 3.3\text{ eV}

.

Einstein's photoelectric equation requires knowing the energy of each incident photon.

2

Apply Einstein's photoelectric equation to calculate the maximum kinetic energy (

K_{\max}

).

K_{\max} = E - W_0 = 3.3\text{ eV} - 2.2\text{ eV} = 1.1\text{ eV}

.

The work function (

W_0

) is the minimum energy needed to liberate an electron from the metal surface.

3

Analyze the effect of doubling light intensity at constant frequency.

K_{\max}

remains

1.1\text{ eV}

.

Light intensity is proportional to the number of photons striking the surface per second, affecting the rate of electron emission (photocurrent), but not the energy of individual photons or the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted electrons.

Key Concept

Independence of photoelectron maximum kinetic energy from light intensity

Question 6555Question →

Arrange the following historical forms of money in chronological order from the earliest to the most modern form.

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

Show answer & explanation

Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to most modern is: Commodity money, Metallic money, Paper banknotes, and Electronic money.

The correct order follows the historical evolution of trade exchange media: from primitive commodity items to precious metallic coins, then lightweight paper banknotes, and finally computer-based electronic money.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the earliest form of money used directly after the barter system.

Commodity money (salt, cowries, cattle) is position 1.

Before metal minting existed, useful physical commodities were used directly as media of exchange.

2

Identify the form of money created to overcome the bulky nature of commodities.

Metallic money (gold, silver coins) is position 2.

Metals provided standard unit values and durability superior to raw commodities.

3

Identify the transition to lightweight currency backed by guarantees.

Paper banknotes are position 3.

Paper notes developed as receipts for stored metallic money, eventually evolving into legal tender fiat currency.

4

Identify the contemporary digital medium of exchange.

Electronic money is position 4.

Modern banking relies on digital transfers and electronic credits, forming the latest stage of monetary evolution.

Key Concept

Historical Evolution of Forms of Money

Question 6556Question →

Complete the following statement regarding commercial banking services to trade by supplying the correct term for the blank space.

Fill in the blanks below

A short-term financial facility that enables a current account holder to withdraw funds exceeding their actual account balance up to a pre-approved limit is called a bank .

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Bank overdraft

A bank overdraft is a flexible short-term credit service granted by commercial banks exclusively to current account holders, permitting them to make payments or cash withdrawals beyond their available balance up to an agreed limit.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the description of the banking service provided in the stem.

The service is characterized as a short-term financial arrangement available to current account holders to overdraw their balance up to a set ceiling.

Commercial banks provide this flexible credit line to assist traders in covering temporary working capital shortages.

2

Match the described feature to the standard commercial banking term.

The term is bank overdraft.

Unlike formal bank loans which are granted for fixed terms as lump sums, an overdraft directly allows the account balance to become negative up to an agreed limit.

Key Concept

Bank Overdraft Facility

Estimated Time:45s

Question 6557Question →

Read the prose extract below:

"Uncle Demola never spoke of his days at the ministry without his right hand trembling against his knee. Though he wore his tailored suits with an air of unyielding authority and commanded silence whenever he entered the sitting room, he would quietly stash away leftover crusts of bread in his handkerchief after every dinner."

Which technique of characterization is primarily employed by the author in the extract above to reveal the character's internal complexity?

Indirect characterization through observable physical mannerisms and behavioral habits

Direct characterization through explicit narrative commentary detailing his psychological traits

First-person characterization conveyed through the character's own internal monologue

Dramatic characterization through a soliloquy revealing hidden personal motives

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Indirect characterization through observable physical mannerisms and behavioral habits

Answer

Indirect characterization through observable physical mannerisms and behavioral habits

The correct answer identifies indirect characterization because the author conveys Uncle Demola's secret insecurity and frugality by showing his involuntary gesture (trembling hand) and subtle habit (stashing bread crusts), allowing the reader to infer his personality without explicit narrative telling.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Analyze the narrative perspective and presentation in the prose extract.

The narrator describes physical details (trembling hand, tailored suits) and specific actions (stashing bread crusts in a handkerchief) from a third-person perspective.

Identifying how information about the character is conveyed determines the characterization technique.

2

Distinguish between direct and indirect characterization techniques.

The text shows the character's traits through behavior and appearance rather than explicitly telling the reader what to think about his personality.

Showing traits through actions, speech, appearance, and gestures is the hallmark of indirect characterization.

Key Concept

Indirect characterization in prose fiction

Question 6558Question →

An experienced merchant allows his name and professional reputation to be published on the official letterhead and signpost of a newly formed trading partnership, despite contributing no capital and taking no active role in business operations. If the partnership subsequently defaults on a trade debt owed to a supplier who relied on this representation, what is the merchant's financial liability status under commercial partnership law?

He bears unlimited personal liability to third parties as a nominal partner by holding out.

He incurs no liability whatsoever because he did not sign the formal partnership deed or contribute financial capital.

His financial liability is automatically limited to the average capital contributed by the active general partners.

He is liable only to the extent of any personal financial loans he previously advanced to the enterprise.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He bears unlimited personal liability to third parties as a nominal partner by holding out.

Answer

The merchant bears unlimited personal liability to third parties as a nominal partner (partner by estoppel or holding out).

Under partnership law, a person who permits their name to be publicly displayed as a partner is classified as a nominal partner (or partner by holding out/estoppel). Even though they share no profits and contributed no capital, they are held personally and unlimitedly liable for business obligations to third parties who extended credit relying on that representation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Identify the type of partner described in the scenario.

The individual is a nominal partner (or partner by holding out/estoppel) because he allows his name to be used by the business without contributing capital or participating in management.

Commercial law defines a nominal partner as one who lends their name and reputation to a firm.

2

Determine the legal liability associated with a nominal partner.

Under the law of partnership and estoppel, any person who represents themselves (or permits themselves to be represented) as a partner is liable to anyone who gives credit to the firm based on that representation.

Third-party creditors extend credit based on the creditworthiness and reputation of all ostensible partners.

3

Select the option that correctly describes this unlimited liability status.

The statement declaring unlimited personal liability to third parties as a nominal partner by holding out is the correct choice.

Nominal partners do not enjoy limited liability protection unless registered under a limited partnership act.

Key Concept

Liability of a Nominal Partner (Partner by Estoppel / Holding Out)

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 6559Question →

What volume of hydrogen gas measured at s.t.p. is evolved when

13.0\text{ g}

of pure zinc completely reacts with excess dilute hydrochloric acid according to the equation below?

\text{Zn}(s) + 2\text{HCl}(aq) \rightarrow \text{ZnCl}_2(aq) + \text{H}_2(g)

[\text{Zn} = 65, \text{Molar gas volume at s.t.p.} = 22.4\text{ dm}^3\text{ mol}^{-1}]

4.48\text{ dm}^3

4.80\text{ dm}^3

8.96\text{ dm}^3

2.24\text{ dm}^3

Show answer & explanation

Answer: $4.48\text{ dm}^3$

Answer

4.48\text{ dm}^3

The balanced chemical equation indicates a 1:1 molar relationship between zinc and hydrogen gas. Reacting

13.0\text{ g}

of zinc corresponds to

\frac{13.0}{65} = 0.20\text{ mol}

of zinc, yielding

0.20\text{ mol}

of hydrogen gas. Multiplying by the molar volume at s.t.p. (

22.4\text{ dm}^3\text{ mol}^{-1}

) gives

0.20 \times 22.4 = 4.48\text{ dm}^3

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate the number of moles of zinc reacted

\text{Moles of Zn} = \frac{13.0\text{ g}}{65\text{ g mol}^{-1}} = 0.20\text{ mol}

Converting given mass of reactant to moles using relative atomic mass.

2

Determine the moles of hydrogen gas produced from the balanced equation

\text{Mole ratio of Zn to H}_2 = 1 : 1

, so

\text{moles of H}_2 = 0.20\text{ mol}

Applying mole ratio constraints from the chemical equation.

3

Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas at s.t.p.

\text{Volume of H}_2 = 0.20\text{ mol} \times 22.4\text{ dm}^3\text{ mol}^{-1} = 4.48\text{ dm}^3

Multiplying moles of gas by standard molar volume at s.t.p.

Key Concept

Mass-Volume stoichiometric calculation at standard temperature and pressure (s.t.p.)

Estimated Time:1m 0s

Question 6560Question →

An electric heater rated at $100\text{ W}$ is used to heat a metal block of mass $2.5\text{ kg}$ for $5\text{ minutes}$ . If the temperature of the block increases from $25^\circ\text{C}$ to $45^\circ\text{C}$ and no heat energy is lost to the surroundings, what is the specific heat capacity of the metal?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 600

Answer

600\text{ J kg}^{-1}\text{ K}^{-1}

The energy transferred by the

100\text{ W}

heater over

300\text{ seconds}

is

Q = 30,000\text{ J}

. Dividing this by the product of mass (

2.5\text{ kg}

) and temperature rise (

20\text{ K}

) yields the specific heat capacity

c = 600\text{ J kg}^{-1}\text{ K}^{-1}

.

Step-by-Step Solution

1

Calculate total electrical heat energy supplied to the metal block

Q = P \times t = 100\text{ W} \times (5 \times 60\text{ s}) = 30,000\text{ J}

Heat energy supplied by an electric heater is given by power multiplied by heating time in seconds.

2

Calculate the change in temperature

\Delta T = 45^\circ\text{C} - 25^\circ\text{C} = 20\text{ K}

Temperature difference is calculated by subtracting initial temperature from final temperature.

3

Solve for the specific heat capacity

c = \frac{Q}{m \Delta T} = \frac{30,000\text{ J}}{2.5\text{ kg} \times 20\text{ K}} = 600\text{ J kg}^{-1}\text{ K}^{-1}

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of unit mass by one kelvin.

Key Concept

Specific Heat Capacity and Electrical Energy

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept

Common Mistakes

Answer

Step-by-Step Solution

Key Concept