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Question 9861Question

In traditional political systems where power is derived from hereditary sources, succession follows a defined sequence. Arrange the following steps of traditional power acquisition in their correct chronological order from the onset of succession to the final conferment of power.

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence for acquiring traditional political power through hereditary succession is: occurrence of a throne vacancy, nomination of candidates by the ruling family, screening and selection by the council of kingmakers, and performance of traditional rites and official coronation.
Traditional political power acquired through hereditary succession follows a strict sequence: a vacancy must first exist on the stool; the ruling house then nominates eligible candidates; the council of traditional kingmakers screens and selects the candidate; and finally, traditional rites and coronation confer formal political power upon the new monarch.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the event that initiates the succession process
Occurrence of a vacancy on the throne is the starting point.
A new monarch cannot be sought or selected while the throne is legally occupied.
2
Determine the candidate presentation stage
Nomination of eligible candidates by the ruling family follows the vacancy.
Hereditary power requires candidates to be drawn from recognized royal lineages.
3
Identify the vetting and decision-making stage
Screening and selection by the council of kingmakers occurs next.
Kingmakers possess the customary authority to deliberate upon and choose among nominated princes.
4
Determine the final installation phase
Performance of traditional rites and official coronation completes the sequence.
Political power and authority are formally vested in the new ruler only through ceremonial coronation.

Key Concept

Hereditary Acquisition of Traditional Power
Question 9862Question

Which of the following was the primary political objective of General Yakubu Gowon's creation of twelve states in May 1967, just prior to the outbreak of the Nigerian Civil War?

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Answer: To weaken the eastern region's secession attempt by granting self-determination to minority ethnic groups within the region

Answer

To weaken the eastern region's secession attempt by granting self-determination to minority ethnic groups within the region
General Yakubu Gowon promulgated the decree creating twelve states on May 27, 1967, primarily to undermine the political unity of the Eastern Region on the brink of secession. By splitting the East into the East-Central State and two minority-dominated states (Rivers and South-Eastern States), the federal military government gained the political alignment of eastern minorities, neutralizing their support for Biafran independence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the context of the May 27, 1967 state creation decree.
General Yakubu Gowon replaced the four regions with a twelve-state structure immediately before the outbreak of the civil war.
Identifying the political tension between the Federal Military Government and the Eastern Region clarifies the objective of the decree.
2
Determine the impact of state creation on regional politics.
Dividing the Eastern Region into East-Central, Rivers, and South-Eastern states separated non-Igbo minority areas from the central secessionist leadership.
Granting states to minorities satisfied their long-standing demands for autonomy and weakened the political unity of the secessionist movement.

Key Concept

State Creation as a Political Strategy in the Nigerian Civil War
Estimated Time:45s
Question 9863Question

Which Nigerian head of state embarked on extensive shuttle diplomacy between 1999 and 2007 to re-integrate Nigeria into the international community and negotiate foreign debt relief?

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Answer: Chief Olusegun Obasanjo

Answer

Chief Olusegun Obasanjo was the Nigerian head of state who conducted shuttle diplomacy between 1999 and 2007 to repair international relations and secure debt cancellation.
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo actively engaged in extensive international visits ('shuttle diplomacy') following the return to civilian democracy in 1999. His efforts succeeded in normalizing foreign relations and securing an historic $18 billion debt forgiveness package from the Paris Club in 2005.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key foreign policy focus described in the prompt
The prompt describes shuttle diplomacy aimed at international reintegration and debt relief during the period of democratic restoration from 1999.
Establishing the specific timeframe and key diplomatic objective helps narrow down the regime.
2
Match the administration to the timeframe and policy
Chief Olusegun Obasanjo served as president from 1999 to 2007 and actively traveled globally to restore Nigeria's standing and achieve Paris Club debt relief.
This directly aligns with the economic and diplomatic achievements of the Fourth Republic.

Key Concept

Fourth Republic Foreign Policy and Shuttle Diplomacy
Estimated Time:45s
Question 9864Question

In a given economy, Nominal Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increased from 800 billion\text{₦}800\text{ billion} in Year 1 to 1,200 billion\text{₦}1,200\text{ billion} in Year 2. Over the same period, the GDP deflator rose from 100100 to 150150, while the total population grew from 40 million40\text{ million} to 50 million50\text{ million}. What was the percentage change in the country's real per capita income between Year 1 and Year 2?

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Answer: It decreased by 20%

Answer

The real per capita income decreased by 20%.
Real GDP in Year 1 was 800 billion\text{₦}800\text{ billion} and in Year 2 was also 800 billion\text{₦}800\text{ billion} (1,200 billion/1.5\text{₦}1,200\text{ billion} / 1.5). Dividing Real GDP by the respective population figures yields 20,000\text{₦}20,000 in Year 1 and 16,000\text{₦}16,000 in Year 2. The change from 20,000\text{₦}20,000 to 16,000\text{₦}16,000 represents a 20%20\% decrease.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Real GDP for Year 1 and Year 2
Real GDP (Year 1) = 800 billion100/100=800 billion\frac{\text{₦}800\text{ billion}}{100 / 100} = \text{₦}800\text{ billion}. Real GDP (Year 2) = 1,200 billion150/100=800 billion\frac{\text{₦}1,200\text{ billion}}{150 / 100} = \text{₦}800\text{ billion}.
Real GDP measures physical output by removing the effect of price changes using the GDP deflator.
2
Calculate Real Per Capita Income for both years
Real Per Capita Income (Year 1) = 800 billion40 million=20,000\frac{\text{₦}800\text{ billion}}{40\text{ million}} = \text{₦}20,000. Real Per Capita Income (Year 2) = 800 billion50 million=16,000\frac{\text{₦}800\text{ billion}}{50\text{ million}} = \text{₦}16,000.
Real per capita income is obtained by dividing Real GDP by total population.
3
Calculate the percentage change in real per capita income
Percentage Change = 16,00020,00020,000×100%=4,00020,000×100%=20%\frac{16,000 - 20,000}{20,000} \times 100\% = \frac{-4,000}{20,000} \times 100\% = -20\%.
The percentage change formula compares the difference relative to the initial value.

Key Concept

Real vs Nominal National Income and Per Capita Income
Question 9865Question

While Marxist Communism promotes an internationalist perspective centered on class struggle across national borders, which fundamental principle characterizes the primary vision of social identity and conflict in Fascism and Nazism?

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Answer: The elevation of extreme nationalism or racial struggle over international class solidarity

Answer

Fascism and Nazism are distinguished from Marxist Communism by prioritizing extreme nationalism or racial struggle over international class solidarity.
Marxist Communism advocates internationalism, viewing economic class as the defining division among humans worldwide. Conversely, Fascism and Nazism reject class division in favor of unified, aggressive nationalism (Fascism) or racial hierarchy and supremacy (Nazism), placing the nation or race above international worker solidarity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core theoretical basis of Marxist Communism
Marxism views history through the lens of international class struggle, aiming to unite workers globally across national borders.
Establishing the baseline internationalist framework of communist ideology.
2
Compare this with the core premises of Fascism and Nazism
Fascism (in Italy) and Nazism (in Germany) rejected internationalism, framing human history around national supremacy and racial struggle respectively.
Identifying the primary ideological divergence regarding identity, struggle, and global organization.

Key Concept

Nationalism vs. Internationalism in Totalitarian Ideologies
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 9866Question

Match each type or condition of monopolistic price discrimination on the left with its corresponding economic strategy or market characteristic on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

First-Degree Price Discrimination
Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Prerequisite Condition for Price Discrimination

Matches

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Answer

First-Degree Price Discrimination matches charging each consumer their maximum reservation price. Second-Degree Price Discrimination matches block pricing based on quantity consumed. Third-Degree Price Discrimination matches segmenting markets by price elasticity of demand. The Prerequisite Condition matches market separation to prevent resale and arbitrage.
First-degree price discrimination captures all consumer surplus by charging each buyer their maximum willingness to pay. Second-degree price discrimination alters prices by consumption volume. Third-degree price discrimination separates groups by price elasticity of demand. Market separation is the vital condition that prevents resale across markets.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze First-Degree Price Discrimination
Identify that it targets individual consumer reservation prices to eliminate all consumer surplus.
By definition, perfect price discrimination extracts the entire consumer surplus from every buyer.
2
Analyze Second-Degree Price Discrimination
Identify that it uses quantity schedules and block rates.
Consumers choose their preferred tier based on consumption volume.
3
Analyze Third-Degree Price Discrimination
Identify market segmentation based on price elasticity of demand.
Groups with inelastic demand are charged higher prices, while groups with elastic demand receive lower prices.
4
Identify the key market condition for price discrimination
Identify prevention of resale (arbitrage) and market separation.
If buyers can resell the commodity, price discrimination collapses as low-price buyers sell to high-price buyers.

Key Concept

Monopoly Price Discrimination Degrees and Prerequisites
Question 9867Question

During the 1962 Western Region crisis, Governor Sir Adesoji Aderemi dismissed Premier S.L. Akintola based on a written petition signed by a majority of legislators outside the House of Assembly. When the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council later upheld the Governor's legal authority to dismiss a Premier without a formal parliamentary vote, how did the Nigerian parliament resolve the resulting constitutional impasse?

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Answer: It retroactively amended the Regional Constitution to require a formal vote on the floor of the House and abolished Privy Council appeals under the 1963 Republican Constitution.

Answer

The parliament resolved the constitutional crisis by retroactively amending the regional constitution so that a Premier could only be dismissed following an explicit vote of no confidence on the floor of the House, while also abolishing further appeals to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the 1963 Republican Constitution.
The correct answer highlights that following the Privy Council's decision in Adegbenro v. Akintola, political leaders enacted a retroactive constitutional amendment stipulating that a Premier could only be removed by a formal vote of no confidence conducted on the floor of the House of Assembly. To solidify judicial independence and avoid further external judicial overrides, Nigeria abolished appeals to the Privy Council when it transitioned to a Federal Republic in October 1963.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the historical and legal context of the 1962 Western Region Crisis.
Identified the conflict between Governor Aderemi, Premier S.L. Akintola, and Alhaji D.S. Adegbenro regarding dismissal procedures under parliamentary constitutional rules.
Understanding whether a Governor could dismiss a Premier based on evidence outside the legislative chamber was the core legal debate.
2
Examine the judicial outcome of Adegbenro v. Akintola.
The Privy Council ruled in favor of Adegbenro, stating the Governor could assess lack of confidence from any reliable source outside the House.
This ruling created a major conflict with the Nigerian political leadership's interpretation of parliamentary convention.
3
Evaluate the political and legislative reaction by the Nigerian Government.
The Federal and Regional parliaments amended the Constitution of Western Nigeria retroactively to nullify the Privy Council's decision and subsequently abolished Privy Council appeals altogether upon adopting the 1963 Republican Constitution.
This action secured Akintola's position as Premier and asserted national judicial sovereignty.

Key Concept

Constitutional Friction and Legal Resolution during the 1962 Western Region Crisis
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 9868Question

A competitive market for yam tubers consists of 40 identical buyers and 10 identical sellers. The demand function for each individual buyer is given by qd=150.5Pq_d = 15 - 0.5P, and the supply function for each individual seller is given by qs=4+2Pq_s = -4 + 2P, where PP represents the price per tuber in Naira (N\text{N}). What is the market equilibrium quantity of yam tubers (in units)?

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Answer: 280

Answer

The market equilibrium quantity is 280 units.
To find the market equilibrium quantity, first aggregate individual demand and supply: total market demand is Qd=40(150.5P)=60020PQ_d = 40(15 - 0.5P) = 600 - 20P and total market supply is Qs=10(4+2P)=40+20PQ_s = 10(-4 + 2P) = -40 + 20P. Equating Qd=QsQ_d = Q_s gives 60020P=40+20P600 - 20P = -40 + 20P, which simplifies to 640=40P640 = 40P and yields an equilibrium price P=16P^* = 16. Substituting P=16P^* = 16 into the market demand equation yields Q=60020(16)=280Q^* = 600 - 20(16) = 280 units.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate market demand function (QdQ_d)
Qd=40×(150.5P)=60020PQ_d = 40 \times (15 - 0.5P) = 600 - 20P
Market demand is obtained by multiplying the individual demand function by the total number of buyers.
2
Calculate market supply function (QsQ_s)
Qs=10×(4+2P)=40+20PQ_s = 10 \times (-4 + 2P) = -40 + 20P
Market supply is obtained by multiplying the individual supply function by the total number of sellers.
3
Set market demand equal to market supply to solve for equilibrium price (PP^*)
60020P=40+20P    640=40P    P=16600 - 20P = -40 + 20P \implies 640 = 40P \implies P^* = 16
Market equilibrium occurs at the price level where quantity demanded equals quantity supplied.
4
Substitute equilibrium price into the market demand function to find equilibrium quantity (QQ^*)
Q=60020(16)=280Q^* = 600 - 20(16) = 280 units
Evaluating market demand at the equilibrium price determines the total equilibrium quantity traded.

Key Concept

Market Equilibrium Price and Quantity via Aggregated Demand and Supply Functions
Question 9869Question

In the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani political system under the Sokoto Caliphate, the appointment of a new Emir involved a structured administrative procedure linking local traditional authorities to the central government. Arrange the following stages of succession in the correct chronological order from the initial vacancy to the full assumption of executive control.

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Answer

The correct order of succession steps in the pre-colonial Hausa-Fulani Emirate administration is: 1) Deliberation and nomination by local kingmakers, 2) Transmission of nomination to the central Caliphate via the Waziri, 3) Official approval and ratification by the Caliph, 4) Turbaning and presentation of symbols of authority by the Caliph's envoy, and 5) Oath of allegiance tendered by district heads (Hakimai).
In the Hausa-Fulani political system post-1804 Jihad, executive governance combined local emirate administration with central Caliphate oversight. Succession began locally with candidate selection by the council of kingmakers. Because emirs were provincial rulers subordinate to the Caliph, the nomination was submitted through the Vizier (Waziri) of Sokoto to the Caliph for ratification. After royal approval, an envoy was dispatched to perform the turbaning ceremony. Only after this formal investiture could subordinate district heads (Hakimai) legally pledge fealty to the Emir.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the initial local administrative phase
The local council of kingmakers (such as the Madawaki, Galadima, and Chief Alkali) meets to select a candidate upon a vacancy.
Executive succession originated within the individual emirate through established traditional electors.
2
Determine the central reporting channel
The nomination is forwarded to Sokoto through the Waziri, who oversaw emirate affairs.
The Caliphate operated a supervisory framework requiring central notification of executive appointments.
3
Identify the central decision step
The Caliph exercises supreme ratification power by reviewing and endorsing the nomination.
The Caliph held ultimate sovereignty over all constituent emirates within the Caliphate.
4
Trace the official installation phase
An official representative of the Caliph conducts the turbaning ceremony and delivers the staff of office.
Political and religious legitimacy was formally delegated from the central Caliphate to the emirate ruler.
5
Identify the final internal administrative phase
Subordinate district heads (Hakimai) tender their oaths of loyalty to the newly installed Emir.
After full investiture, the Emir receives formal administrative submission from his sub-regional officers.

Key Concept

Executive succession and central-local administrative hierarchy in the Sokoto Caliphate
Question 9870Question

A government minister issues an administrative directive that falls outside the specific statutory powers granted to their office by Parliament. Although the minister commands significant political popularity and personal influence, senior civil servants refuse to execute the directive on legal grounds. Based on Max Weber's typology of authority, which fundamental characteristic of legal-rational authority justifies the civil servants' refusal?

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Answer: Authority in a legal-rational system inheres in codified rules and defined institutional offices rather than in the political standing or personal desire of the office holder.

Answer

In Max Weber's typology, legal-rational authority relies on compliance given to an impersonal, legally established order. Obedience is owed to the codified rules and the specific legal boundaries of an office, not to the person holding office.
According to Max Weber, legal-rational authority is anchored in formal, codified laws, regulations, and impersonal institutional offices. Obedience is due to the legal order itself and to officeholders only within the explicit boundaries of their statutory authority. Because the minister's directive exceeded the legal powers granted by Parliament, civil servants operating in a legal-rational bureaucratic framework are obligated to reject the ultra vires command.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the scenario given in the stem
Identified that the minister acted beyond statutory boundaries (ultra vires), relying on personal popularity rather than legal authorization.
Establishing the core legal issue is necessary to determine which authority type applies.
2
Apply Max Weber's typology of authority to legal-rational systems
Recognized that legal-rational authority is impersonal, rule-bound, and strictly limited to explicit constitutional or statutory mandates.
Weber distinguishes legal-rational authority from traditional authority (custom-based) and charismatic authority (personality-based).
3
Evaluate why civil servants are justified in refusing the order
Civil servants obey the legal framework and constitutional office scope, not the individual official's personal influence.
Under legal-rational authority, directives outside statutory power lack legitimacy and legal force.

Key Concept

Max Weber's Legal-Rational Authority and Scope of Authority
Question 9871Question

In international diplomatic relations, a state's foreign policy posture is shaped by both domestic conditions and external systemic forces. Which of the following functions as an internal determinant of Nigeria's foreign policy?

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Answer: The domestic economic capacity and natural resource base of the nation

Answer

The domestic economic capacity and natural resource base of the nation
A nation's internal determinants encompass domestic variables such as economic vitality, natural resources, military preparedness, geography, and demographic structure. Economic capacity and resource endowment directly determine the diplomatic leverage and foreign policy reach that Nigeria can maintain globally.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Distinguish internal determinants from external factors and foreign policy objectives
Internal determinants arise from inside the state (e.g., economy, geography, military capability, population), whereas external determinants come from international structures or foreign alliances.
Correct classification of factors shaping foreign policy requires identifying domestic origin versus external environment.
2
Evaluate the choices against the concept of internal determinants
A country's domestic economic strength, oil wealth, and industrial resources are generated inside Nigeria, providing the material foundation for its international diplomacy.
A strong domestic economic base enables sovereign leverage and foreign engagement.

Key Concept

Internal Determinants of Nigeria's Foreign Policy
Question 9872Question

Which political ideology advocates for an internationalist perspective centered on global working-class solidarity rather than state-centered nationalism or racial supremacy?

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Answer: Communism

Answer

Communism is the ideology that advocates for working-class internationalism.
Communism, derived from Marxist-Leninist thought, promotes internationalism under the slogan 'Workers of the world, unite!' It views history through class struggle across national borders rather than through national or racial divisions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the core tenet in the question stem
The stem asks for an ideology based on global working-class solidarity and internationalism rather than nationalism or racial supremacy.
Different political ideologies define political identity around class, nation, or race.
2
Compare the ideological foundations of Communism, Fascism, and Nazism
Marxist Communism calls for the workers of the world to unite across national borders, whereas Fascism prioritizes extreme state nationalism and Nazism prioritizes racial doctrine.
Understanding the fundamental axis of conflict (class vs. nation/race) distinguishes Communism from Fascist and Nazi ideologies.

Key Concept

Internationalism versus Nationalism in Totalitarian Ideologies
Question 9873Question

In a modern state, citizens comply with public safety regulations enacted by parliament not out of personal devotion to individual lawmakers or respect for ancient customs, but because the regulations were established through defined constitutional procedures. Which form of authority does this situation illustrate?

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Answer: Legal-rational authority

Answer

Legal-rational authority is demonstrated because compliance is based on adherence to established constitutional processes and codified statutory laws.
Legal-rational authority is based on a belief in the legality of enacted rules and the right of constitutional authorities to issue commands. In this scenario, obedience to public safety regulations stems directly from their lawful creation through constitutional parliamentary procedures.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the source of legitimacy described in the scenario.
Legitimacy is anchored in statutory law and constitutional procedures.
The prompt specifies that citizens obey regulations because they were created through proper constitutional channels, not due to personal loyalty or custom.
2
Map the source of legitimacy to Max Weber's typology of authority.
The scenario fits the definition of legal-rational (or bureaucratic) authority.
Weber defines legal-rational authority as power legitimized by legally enacted rules and the constitutional right of officials to issue commands within prescribed bounds.

Key Concept

Max Weber's Legal-Rational Authority
Question 9874Question

A democratically elected administration strictly adheres to statutory legislative procedures and constitutional guidelines, yet it consistently fails to address severe economic recession, rampant unemployment, and widespread public insecurity. Consequently, citizens begin widespread civil disobedience and withdraw their political allegiance. Which primary determinant of political legitimacy has been eroded in this state?

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Answer: Socio-economic performance and government responsiveness to popular needs

Answer

Socio-economic performance and government responsiveness to popular needs
Political legitimacy is sustained not only by legal-rational procedures (how power is acquired and exercised legally) but also by government performance (what the government achieves for its citizens). When a government fails to provide basic security and economic stability, citizens lose trust and withdraw voluntary compliance, undermining the socio-economic performance determinant of legitimacy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the political scenario given in the stem
Identified that procedural legality (legal-rational authority) is maintained, but output performance (economic stability and security) has failed.
Legitimacy depends on multiple determinants, including input processes (laws, elections) and output effectiveness (governance, welfare).
2
Evaluate the cause of citizen alienating and withdrawal of compliance
Citizens withdraw allegiance because the government fails to fulfill its fundamental obligation of public protection and economic provision.
Good performance and responsiveness build public trust, whereas persistent failure undermines citizens' moral obligation to obey laws.
3
Differentiate legitimacy from legal authority and physical power
Formal constitutional adherence (legal authority) and enforcement capacity (coercive power) cannot compensate for a total collapse in performance-based legitimacy.
Legitimacy is the voluntary acceptance of a government's right to rule, which requires performance beyond mere legal compliance.

Key Concept

Determinants and Maintenance of Political Legitimacy
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 9875Question

A telecommunications equipment assembly firm expands its operational scale in the long run by increasing all of its production inputs by 50%50\%. Consequently, its weekly output increases from 1,2001,200 units to 1,9201,920 units. What is the percentage increase in total output achieved by the firm?

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Answer: 60

Answer

The percentage increase in total output achieved by the firm is 60%.
The firm expanded output from 1,200 units to 1,920 units, an absolute gain of 720 units. Dividing 720 by the original output of 1,200 yields 0.60, or 60%. Because the percentage increase in output (60%) exceeds the percentage increase in input scale (50%), the firm is experiencing increasing returns to scale.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the change in output volume
Change in output = 1,920 - 1,200 = 720 units
To calculate percentage growth, find the absolute difference between expanded output and initial output.
2
Calculate the percentage increase relative to initial output
(720 / 1,200) * 100 = 60%
Percentage change measures proportional growth relative to the original baseline output.

Key Concept

Long-Run Production and Scale Growth Calculations
Question 9876Question

Match each type of political legitimacy with the primary source from which its authority is derived.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Traditional Legitimacy
Charismatic Legitimacy
Legal-Rational Legitimacy

Matches

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Answer

Traditional Legitimacy matches with authority derived from long-standing customs and hereditary succession; Charismatic Legitimacy matches with authority derived from the exceptional personal appeal of a leader; Legal-Rational Legitimacy matches with authority derived from constitutional provisions and written laws.
Each type of legitimacy reflects Max Weber's classification of political authority: Traditional legitimacy relies on inherited customs and history; Charismatic legitimacy relies on dynamic personal leadership; Legal-Rational legitimacy relies on constitutional law and codified rules.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the core basis of Traditional Legitimacy
Recognize that traditional authority is rooted in custom, history, and ancestral practice.
Tradition relies on historical continuity and established conventions.
2
Identify the core basis of Charismatic Legitimacy
Recognize that charismatic authority comes from the personal qualities and influence of a leader.
Charisma stems from extraordinary personal magnetism rather than formal rules or custom.
3
Identify the core basis of Legal-Rational Legitimacy
Recognize that legal-rational authority is tied to constitutional rules and office holding.
Modern constitutional governance operates on codified legal standards rather than individual prestige or custom.

Key Concept

Determinants and Types of Political Legitimacy
Question 9877Question

Match each political ideology on the left with its defining core principle and structural feature on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Communism
Fascism
Nazism

Matches

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Answer

Communism matches the goal of a classless, stateless society with public ownership; Fascism matches extreme state worship and corporate state regulation of private property; Nazism matches totalitarian nationalism combined with racial hierarchy and anti-Semitism.
Communism is defined by international class struggle and public ownership; Fascism centers on state supremacy and corporatist economic control; Nazism expands fascist state nationalism with explicit racial supremacy doctrines.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary economic and social basis of Communism
Communism focuses on economic class struggle and the complete public ownership of production.
Marxist ideology centers on overcoming capitalism through collective ownership.
2
Distinguish between Fascism and Nazism regarding state authority vs. racial ideology
Fascism elevates state authority above all else while retaining regulated private enterprise; Nazism explicitly adds biological racial doctrines to state authority.
Racial purity and anti-Semitism are the defining characteristics unique to Nazism compared to broader Fascism.

Key Concept

Ideological tenets of Communism, Fascism, and Nazism
Question 9878Question

In Year 1, Country Z recorded a Nominal GDP of 600 billion\text{₦}600\text{ billion} with a base price index of 100100. In Year 2, the Nominal GDP rose to 1,080 billion\text{₦}1,080\text{ billion} and the total population reached 36 million36\text{ million}. If the Real Per Capita Income in Year 2 was calculated as 25,000\text{₦}25,000, what was the GDP deflator for Year 2?

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Answer: 120

Answer

120
To find the GDP Deflator in Year 2, first derive the total Real GDP by multiplying the Real Per Capita Income by the total population: 25,000×36,000,000=900 billion\text{₦}25,000 \times 36,000,000 = \text{₦}900\text{ billion}. Then apply the GDP deflator formula GDP Deflator=(Nominal GDP/Real GDP)×100\text{GDP Deflator} = (\text{Nominal GDP} / \text{Real GDP}) \times 100. Substituting the values yields (1,080/900)×100=120(1,080 / 900) \times 100 = 120.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total Real GDP for Year 2 using the Real Per Capita Income and population.
Real GDP = ₦25,000 × 36,000,000 = ₦900 billion
Real Per Capita Income represents total Real GDP divided by the total population.
2
Rearrange the relationship between Nominal GDP, Real GDP, and GDP Deflator to express the GDP Deflator.
GDP Deflator = (Nominal GDP / Real GDP) × 100
Real GDP adjusts Nominal GDP for price level change via the GDP Deflator.
3
Substitute Nominal GDP (₦1,080 billion) and Real GDP (₦900 billion) to calculate the deflator value.
GDP Deflator = (1,080 / 900) × 100 = 120
This measures the price level change in Year 2 relative to the base year index of 100.

Key Concept

Relationship between Nominal GDP, Real GDP, GDP Deflator, and Real Per Capita Income
Question 9879Question

In Nigerian constitutional law, a citizen of full age who submits a formal declaration to renounce their citizenship loses Nigerian citizenship automatically without requiring presidential registration.

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Answer: False

Answer

The statement is False. Renunciation of Nigerian citizenship does not take automatic effect upon declaration; it requires official registration by the President, who retains constitutional authority to withhold registration during wartime or on public policy grounds.
The statement is False because renunciation of Nigerian citizenship requires registration by the President to take effect. The President has discretionary authority to withhold registration if Nigeria is involved in a war or if granting it violates public policy.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the constitutional procedure required for renunciation of citizenship in Nigeria.
Renunciation requires a citizen of full age and capacity to make a formal declaration and submit it for presidential registration.
Section 29 of the Constitution establishes executive oversight for voluntary surrender of citizenship.
2
Evaluate whether the renunciation takes effect automatically upon declaration.
Renunciation is not automatic. The declaration takes effect only upon registration by the President, who may withhold registration under specific national circumstances.
The President has constitutional power to block renunciation if Nigeria is at war or if it contradicts public policy.

Key Concept

Renunciation of Citizenship
Question 9880Question

The market demand and supply functions for a staple agricultural commodity in a local market are given by Qd=2505PQ_d = 250 - 5P and Qs=50+5PQ_s = 50 + 5P, where PP is the price in Naira (₦) per bag and QQ is the quantity in bags. If the government imposes a price floor of ₦25 per bag, what will be the resulting market outcome?

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Answer: A market surplus of 50 bags

Answer

The resulting market outcome is a market surplus of 50 bags.
Equilibrium price is Pe=20P_e = ₦20. A price floor enforced at P=25P = ₦25 is legally binding because it is above equilibrium. Substituting P=25P = 25 into the demand and supply equations yields Qd=125Q_d = 125 bags and Qs=175Q_s = 175 bags. Excess supply (surplus) is 175125=50175 - 125 = 50 bags.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the equilibrium price to check if the price floor is binding
Setting Qd=Qs    2505P=50+5P    10P=200    Pe=20Q_d = Q_s \implies 250 - 5P = 50 + 5P \implies 10P = 200 \implies P_e = ₦20. Since the price floor of ₦25 is above equilibrium (₦20), it is effective/binding.
A price floor must be set above the equilibrium price to have a binding market effect.
2
Calculate quantity demanded at the floor price of ₦25
Qd=2505(25)=250125=125Q_d = 250 - 5(25) = 250 - 125 = 125 bags.
Higher prices reduce the quantity demanded by buyers according to the law of demand.
3
Calculate quantity supplied at the floor price of ₦25
Qs=50+5(25)=50+125=175Q_s = 50 + 5(25) = 50 + 125 = 175 bags.
Higher prices incentivize producers to increase quantity supplied according to the law of supply.
4
Calculate the market surplus
Surplus=QsQd=175125=50\text{Surplus} = Q_s - Q_d = 175 - 125 = 50 bags.
Market surplus occurs when quantity supplied exceeds quantity demanded at the enforced price floor.

Key Concept

Price Floor and Excess Supply (Surplus)
Estimated Time:1m 30s
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