Joint Venture and Consignment Accounts

74 questions

Question 41Question

Bisi and Femi entered into a joint venture to trade in timber, agreeing to share profits and losses in the ratio 3:23:2 respectively. Under the Memorandum Joint Venture method, Bisi supplied goods valued at N120,000\text{N}120,000 and paid transport expenses of N10,000\text{N}10,000. Femi paid storage expenses of N5,000\text{N}5,000 and sold all the timber for N180,000\text{N}180,000. Femi was entitled to a selling commission of 5%5\% on total sales. What amount is payable by Femi to Bisi on final settlement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: N151,600\text{N}151,600

Answer

The amount payable by Femi to Bisi on final settlement is N151,600\text{N}151,600.
Under the Memorandum Joint Venture method, total joint venture profit is determined by deducting all venture costs, expenses, and commissions from total sales proceeds. Total sales of N180,000\text{N}180,000 less Bisi's goods (N120,000\text{N}120,000), Bisi's transport (N10,000\text{N}10,000), Femi's storage (N5,000\text{N}5,000), and Femi's commission (N9,000\text{N}9,000) leaves a net profit of N36,000\text{N}36,000. Bisi's 3/53/5 share of profit is N21,600\text{N}21,600. Adding Bisi's direct outlays of N130,000\text{N}130,000 gives N151,600\text{N}151,600 as the final cash settlement due from Femi.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Femi's commission
Commission = 5%×N180,000=N9,0005\% \times \text{N}180,000 = \text{N}9,000
The selling venturer is entitled to commission as part of joint venture expenses.
2
Calculate the net profit of the Memorandum Joint Venture Account
Total Revenue = N180,000\text{N}180,000; Total Expenses = N120,000+N10,000+N5,000+N9,000=N144,000\text{N}120,000 + \text{N}10,000 + \text{N}5,000 + \text{N}9,000 = \text{N}144,000; Net Profit = N180,000N144,000=N36,000\text{N}180,000 - \text{N}144,000 = \text{N}36,000
Net profit is the excess of total joint venture revenue over all venturers' combined costs and commissions.
3
Share the net profit according to the agreed ratio (3:23:2)
Bisi's share of profit = 35×N36,000=N21,600\frac{3}{5} \times \text{N}36,000 = \text{N}21,600
Bisi receives three-fifths of the total profit.
4
Determine the final settlement balance owed by Femi to Bisi
Settlement amount = Bisi's cost of goods (N120,000\text{N}120,000) + Bisi's transport (N10,000\text{N}10,000) + Bisi's share of profit (N21,600\text{N}21,600) = N151,600\text{N}151,600
Femi collected all sales proceeds and must reimburse Bisi's total outlays plus Bisi's share of profit.

Key Concept

Memorandum Joint Venture Account Profit Determination and Final Settlement Calculation
Question 42Question

Under the separate set of books method of accounting for a joint venture, which of the following is the correct double entry to record goods supplied directly by a co-venturer from their existing business stock?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Debit Joint Venture Account and Credit Co-venturer's Personal Account

Answer

Debit Joint Venture Account and Credit Co-venturer's Personal Account
When a co-venturer supplies goods from their existing business stock under a separate set of books, the joint venture incurs a cost (recorded by debiting the Joint Venture Account) and becomes indebted to that co-venturer (recorded by crediting the co-venturer's personal account).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nature of the transaction
Goods are supplied directly by a co-venturer from their stock to the joint venture without involving cash from the Joint Bank Account.
Understanding whether funds or physical inventory from a venturer are involved dictates which ledger accounts are affected.
2
Determine the debit entry for the cost incurred by the venture
Debit Joint Venture Account.
All goods, materials, and expenses related to the venture are debited to the Joint Venture Account to compute overall profit or loss.
3
Determine the credit entry for the supplying venturer
Credit Co-venturer's Personal Account.
The co-venturer who supplies the goods acts as a creditor to the venture for that amount, so their personal capital/settlement account is credited.

Key Concept

Accounting entries for venturer-supplied goods under the separate set of books method
Question 43Question

Two merchants enter into a temporary agreement to pool funds, purchase a bulk shipment of seasonal produce, sell the goods, and share the net profit equally, with the agreement terminating automatically upon completion of the transaction. Which of the following fundamental accounting features distinguishes this business arrangement from a traditional partnership?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The non-applicability of the going concern concept due to its temporary nature for a specific venture.

Answer

The non-applicability of the going concern concept due to its temporary nature for a specific venture
A joint venture is a temporary business arrangement entered into by two or more persons for a specific purpose or transaction. Because it dissolves automatically once the project is completed, the going concern concept—which assumes a business will operate indefinitely—does not apply. In contrast, a standard partnership is assumed to continue operating indefinitely.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the features of the agreement described in the stem.
The agreement is temporary, formed for a single specific transaction, and automatically terminates when completed.
This setup defines a Joint Venture.
2
Compare the core accounting principles of Joint Ventures versus traditional Partnerships.
Partnerships operate under the assumption of continuity (going concern), whereas Joint Ventures are formed without the expectation of indefinite continuation.
The going concern concept assumes an enterprise will continue operating for the foreseeable future, which is intentionally absent in a temporary joint venture.

Key Concept

Nature and Features of Joint Venture Accounts
Question 44Question

Folake dispatched a batch of merchandise to Ibrahim to be sold on her behalf. Prior to the sale of the merchandise, an accounting audit was conducted at year-end. Which of the following statements correctly describes the legal relationship between Folake and Ibrahim and the ownership status of the unsold merchandise?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Folake is the principal and retains legal ownership of the merchandise, while Ibrahim acts as an agent holding possession.

Answer

Folake is the principal and retains legal ownership of the merchandise, while Ibrahim acts as an agent holding possession.
In consignment accounting, the transaction is governed by the law of agency. The consignor acts as the principal who retains legal ownership of the goods until they are sold, while the consignee acts as an agent holding custody and carrying out sales under the principal's instructions.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the nature of the transaction
The arrangement represents a consignment transaction where goods are sent to be sold on behalf of the sender.
Consignment involves sending goods to an agent for sale without transferring ownership.
2
Determine legal title versus physical possession
Folake (consignor/principal) holds legal title, while Ibrahim (consignee/agent) holds physical possession.
Under agency rules, ownership remains with the principal until the agent executes a sale to an external buyer.

Key Concept

Principal-Agent Relationship and Legal Title in Consignment
Question 45Question

Tunde & Sons dispatched 400 crates of beverages to Obinna Enterprises to be sold on a commission basis under a standard consignment arrangement. Before Obinna Enterprises made any sales, the business went into liquidation due to insolvency. In accounting and law, how should the liquidator treat the 400 unsold crates of beverages?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Return the entire stock to Tunde & Sons, because legal ownership remains with the consignor regardless of physical possession.

Answer

Return the entire stock to Tunde & Sons, because legal ownership remains with the consignor regardless of physical possession.
In a consignment transaction, the legal relationship established is that of principal (consignor) and agent (consignee). Title and ownership of the goods remain entirely with the consignor until the goods are sold to an external buyer. Consequently, if the consignee becomes insolvent, unsold consignment goods held on the premises are not part of the consignee's assets and must be surrendered back to the consignor.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nature of the transaction
The transaction between Tunde & Sons and Obinna Enterprises is a consignment (principal-agent relationship), not an outright sale.
Goods sent on consignment are held by the consignee merely as an agent (bailee).
2
Determine ownership and title to goods
Title, ownership, and risk in consigned goods remain strictly with the consignor (Tunde & Sons) until sold to a third party.
Physical possession by the consignee does not pass ownership or title.
3
Apply insolvency accounting principles
Unsold consignment goods do not belong to the consignee and cannot form part of the consignee's insolvency estate.
The liquidator must return third-party property held on bailment to the rightful owner (consignor).

Key Concept

Principal-Agent Relationship and Ownership Rights in Consignment
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 46Question

Match each consignment accounting document, commission, or account term on the left with its correct definition or description on the right.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Pro Forma Invoice
Account Sales
Del Credere Commission
Consignment Outward

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Pro Forma Invoice pairs with the informational document sent by the principal; Account Sales pairs with the statement rendered by the agent; Del Credere Commission pairs with the additional remuneration for assuming bad debt risk; Consignment Outward pairs with the ledger account tracking dispatched goods.
In consignment transactions, ownership stays with the consignor, who sends a Pro Forma Invoice detailing the goods sent. The consignee acts as an agent, providing an Account Sales to report completed transactions, expenses, and commissions. When the consignee guarantees credit sales recovery, they earn a Del Credere Commission. The consignor tracks sent goods using the Consignment Outward account.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary document issued by the principal (consignor) at the time goods are dispatched.
The Pro Forma Invoice serves as an informational advice note detailing the items and estimated price sent to the agent.
Ownership remains with the principal, so a normal sales invoice is not issued.
2
Identify the accounting summary prepared by the agent (consignee) after selling the goods.
The Account Sales summarizes total receipts, allowable expenses, commission, and net remittance due to the principal.
This provides full accountability of the agency sales process.
3
Distinguish special commission types and relevant ledger account names.
Del Credere Commission shifts credit risk to the agent, while Consignment Outward records goods dispatched in the consignor's accounting system.
Del credere protects the principal against default, and Consignment Outward reflects the transfer of inventory for sale.

Key Concept

Nature and Terminology of Consignment Transactions
Question 47Question

Kolawole dispatched 100 cartons of footwear to Danladi to be sold on a commission basis. Accompanying the shipment was a document detailing the description, quantity, and estimated selling price of the merchandise to serve as a guide for the consignee. Which document was sent by the consignor along with the goods?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Proforma invoice

Answer

Proforma invoice
In consignment accounting, a proforma invoice is prepared by the consignor and forwarded to the consignee along with the goods. It serves as a statement of information detailing the description, weight, quantity, and estimated selling price of the merchandise. Because ownership of the goods remains with the consignor, the proforma invoice does not create a debtor-creditor relationship.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the nature of the transaction and roles of the parties.
The transaction is a consignment arrangement where Kolawole acts as the principal (consignor) and Danladi acts as the agent (consignee).
Goods sent on consignment remain the legal property of the consignor until sold by the consignee.
2
Determine the appropriate document accompanying goods sent on consignment.
The document containing description, quantity, and estimated selling price used to inform the agent without demanding payment is a proforma invoice.
Since legal title is retained by the consignor, a regular sales invoice cannot be issued.

Key Concept

Proforma Invoice in Consignment Transactions
Question 48Question

Which of the following statements correctly describes the legal status and relationship of participants in a joint venture arrangement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: They act as co-principals who directly share profits or losses arising from the specific project.

Answer

Participants in a joint venture act as co-principals who directly share profits or losses arising from the specific project.
In a joint venture, participants are co-venturers who function as co-principals. They pool resources for a specific temporary business objective and share the resulting profits or losses directly in an agreed ratio.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key defining characteristics of a joint venture.
A joint venture is a temporary association of two or more persons formed to carry out a specific enterprise or venture for profit without forming a permanent partnership or corporate body.
Understanding the nature of a joint venture helps distinguish it from other business structures.
2
Analyze the legal relationship between the participants (co-venturers).
Each co-venturer acts as a co-principal with authority to bind the venture within the scope of the agreed business activity, sharing final profits or losses.
Co-venturers share risks and returns directly as principals, unlike agents who earn commission or employees who receive wages.

Key Concept

Nature and Features of Joint Venture Accounts
Question 49Question

Emeka and Chidi entered into a joint venture sharing profits and losses equally, maintaining no separate set of books. Emeka supplied goods valued at N60,000\text{N}60,000 and paid freight charges of N4,000\text{N}4,000. Chidi supplied goods valued at N40,000\text{N}40,000 and paid selling expenses of N6,000\text{N}6,000. Chidi sold all the goods for N140,000\text{N}140,000 and collected the full proceeds. What amount will Chidi pay to Emeka in final settlement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: N79,000\text{N}79,000

Answer

Chidi will pay N79,000\text{N}79,000 to Emeka in final settlement.
Total venture profit is N140,000N110,000=N30,000\text{N}140,000 - \text{N}110,000 = \text{N}30,000. Emeka's half-share of profit is N15,000\text{N}15,000. Since Chidi collected all proceeds from sales, he owes Emeka for the goods and expenses Emeka incurred (N64,000\text{N}64,000) plus Emeka's share of profit (N15,000\text{N}15,000), giving a final settlement of N79,000\text{N}79,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total venture revenue and total venture expenses.
Total Revenue = N140,000\text{N}140,000. Total Expenses = Emeka's goods (N60,000\text{N}60,000) + Emeka's freight (N4,000\text{N}4,000) + Chidi's goods (N40,000\text{N}40,000) + Chidi's selling expenses (N6,000\text{N}6,000) = N110,000\text{N}110,000.
The Memorandum Joint Venture Account pools all income and costs to find the net profit or loss.
2
Calculate net profit and each venturer's share.
Net Profit = N140,000N110,000=N30,000\text{N}140,000 - \text{N}110,000 = \text{N}30,000. Equal share for Emeka = N30,000÷2=N15,000\text{N}30,000 \div 2 = \text{N}15,000.
Profits are shared equally according to the agreement.
3
Determine the final balance in Emeka's personal account (Joint Venture with Emeka) maintained in Chidi's books.
Amount due to Emeka = Outlay by Emeka (N60,000+N4,000\text{N}60,000 + \text{N}4,000) + Share of Profit (N15,000\text{N}15,000) = N79,000\text{N}79,000.
Chidi collected all sales cash (N140,000\text{N}140,000), so he must reimburse Emeka's expenses and pay him his share of the profit.

Key Concept

Memorandum Joint Venture Account Settlement
Question 50Question

Chief Adeleke consigned goods to Kalu to sell on commission. Kalu sold goods worth ₦750,000 for cash and ₦560,000 on credit. Under the agreement, Kalu receives a 5% ordinary commission on total sales and a 2.5% del-credere commission on credit sales. Kalu paid ₦25,000 for handling expenses and sustained a bad debt loss of ₦15,000 from a credit customer. What is the net amount remitted by Kalu to Chief Adeleke?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦1,205,500

Answer

The net amount remitted by Kalu to Chief Adeleke is ₦1,205,500.
Total sales equal ₦1,310,000 (₦750,000 cash + ₦560,000 credit). Ordinary commission is 5% of ₦1,310,000 = ₦65,500, and del-credere commission is 2.5% of ₦560,000 = ₦14,000, bringing total commission to ₦79,500. Since Kalu receives del-credere commission, Kalu bears the bad debt of ₦15,000. Deducting Kalu's expenses of ₦25,000 and total commission of ₦79,500 from total sales yields ₦1,205,500 as the net amount remitted to Chief Adeleke.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total gross sales
Total Sales = ₦750,000 (Cash) + ₦560,000 (Credit) = ₦1,310,000
Commission and net proceeds calculations are based on total sales value.
2
Calculate ordinary commission and del-credere commission
Ordinary Commission = 5% of ₦1,310,000 = ₦65,500. Del-credere Commission = 2.5% of ₦560,000 = ₦14,000. Total Commission = ₦65,500 + ₦14,000 = ₦79,500
Ordinary commission applies to total sales while del-credere commission applies specifically to credit sales.
3
Determine bad debt responsibility and net proceeds
Net Remittance = Total Sales (₦1,310,000) - Handling Expenses (₦25,000) - Total Commission (₦79,500) = ₦1,205,500
Because Kalu receives a del-credere commission, Kalu absorbs the ₦15,000 bad debt loss entirely, so no bad debt is debited to Chief Adeleke.

Key Concept

Accounting for Consignee's Ordinary and Del-Credere Commission and Treatment of Bad Debts
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 51Question

Fatima dispatched 800800 cartons of cosmetics costing 10,000\text{₦}10,000 per carton to Ngozi on consignment. Fatima paid freight and insurance of 400,000\text{₦}400,000. Ngozi incurred carriage inwards of 160,000\text{₦}160,000, godown rent of 100,000\text{₦}100,000, and selling expenses of 200,000\text{₦}200,000. At the end of the period, Ngozi reported that 200200 cartons remained unsold. What is the value of the unsold consignment stock?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2,140,000\text{₦}2,140,000

Answer

The value of the unsold consignment stock is 2,140,000\text{₦}2,140,000.
Unsold consignment stock is valued at cost plus a proportionate share of all direct non-recurring expenses incurred by both the consignor and consignee up to the point of bringing the goods to the consignee's premises. The cost of 200200 unsold cartons is 2,000,000\text{₦}2,000,000. Adding 25%25\% of consignor expenses (100,000\text{₦}100,000) and 25%25\% of consignee carriage inwards (40,000\text{₦}40,000) yields 2,140,000\text{₦}2,140,000. Recurring expenses like rent and selling costs are excluded.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the proportion of unsold stock
Unsold fraction = 200800=14\frac{200}{800} = \frac{1}{4} or 25%25\%
Stock valuation is based on the proportion of total goods remaining unsold.
2
Calculate the cost price of unsold stock
200 cartons×��10,000=2,000,000200 \text{ cartons} \times \text{��}10,000 = \text{₦}2,000,000
Determines the basic cost element of unsold inventory.
3
Calculate proportionate direct non-recurring expenses
Consignor's freight & insurance = 14×400,000=100,000\frac{1}{4} \times \text{₦}400,000 = \text{₦}100,000; Consignee's carriage inwards = 14×160,000=40,000\frac{1}{4} \times \text{₦}160,000 = \text{₦}40,000
Only non-recurring direct expenses incurred to bring goods to their present location/condition are added to stock valuation. Godown rent and selling expenses are recurring and excluded.
4
Sum cost price and proportionate direct expenses
Total valuation = 2,000,000+100,000+40,000=2,140,000\text{₦}2,000,000 + \text{₦}100,000 + \text{₦}40,000 = \text{₦}2,140,000
Combines cost price and allowable proportionate expenses.

Key Concept

Valuation of Unsold Consignment Stock
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 52Question

Emeka consigned 100100 crates of fruit juice costing 4,000\text{₦}4,000 per crate to Nkechi. Emeka paid carriage charges of 20,000\text{₦}20,000. Nkechi received the consignment and paid godown rent of 10,000\text{₦}10,000 and selling expenses of 15,000\text{₦}15,000. If 2020 crates remained unsold at the end of the period, what is the value of the unsold consignment stock?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 84,000\text{₦}84,000

Answer

84,000\text{₦}84,000
The valuation of unsold consignment stock is determined by taking the cost price of unsold units (20×4,000=80,00020 \times \text{₦}4,000 = \text{₦}80,000) and adding the proportionate share of direct non-recurring expenses paid by the consignor (20100×20,000=4,000\frac{20}{100} \times \text{₦}20,000 = \text{₦}4,000). Consignee expenses like godown rent and selling expenses are recurring costs and are excluded from stock valuation. Thus, the correct valuation is 84,000\text{₦}84,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the basic cost of unsold stock
Unsold units = 2020 crates. Cost per crate = 4,000\text{₦}4,000. Basic cost = 20×4,000=80,00020 \times \text{₦}4,000 = \text{₦}80,000.
Unsold stock is initially measured at its original cost price.
2
Calculate proportionate direct (non-recurring) expenses incurred by the consignor
Consignor's carriage = 20,000\text{₦}20,000. Unsold proportion = 20100=15\frac{20}{100} = \frac{1}{5}. Proportionate carriage = 15×20,000=4,000\frac{1}{5} \times \text{₦}20,000 = \text{₦}4,000.
Direct non-recurring expenses incurred in bringing the goods to their present location and condition are added to stock valuation in proportion to the unsold quantity.
3
Determine the treatment of consignee's expenses
Godown rent (10,000\text{₦}10,000) and selling expenses (15,000\text{₦}15,000) are recurring/indirect expenses, so 0\text{₦}0 is added from consignee expenses.
Recurring expenses such as storage, insurance of godown, and selling expenses do not add value to unsold stock.
4
Sum basic cost and proportionate non-recurring expenses to get total stock valuation
Total valuation = 80,000+4,000=84,000\text{₦}80,000 + \text{₦}4,000 = \text{₦}84,000.
The final inventory value comprises cost price plus proportionate direct non-recurring expenses.

Key Concept

Valuation of unsold consignment stock includes the cost price of unsold goods plus a proportionate share of direct (non-recurring) expenses incurred by the consignor and consignee up to the point of reaching the warehouse.
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 53Question

Tunde consigned 500 packages of merchandise to Emeka to sell on commission. The commission terms agreed upon in the consignment contract are as follows:
- Ordinary Commission: 5%5\% on total gross sales.
- Del-Credere Commission: 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales.
- Overriding Commission: 10%10\% on any excess selling price realized above the benchmark price of 1,800\text{₦}1,800 per package.

During the trading period, Emeka reported the following sales transactions:
- 200200 packages sold for cash at 2,000\text{₦}2,000 per package.
- 150150 packages sold on credit at 2,200\text{₦}2,200 per package.
- 5050 packages sold for cash at 1,800\text{₦}1,800 per package.

What is the total commission earned by Emeka in Naira (\text{₦})?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 59250

Answer

The total commission earned by Emeka is 59,250\text{₦}59,250.
The correct total commission is 59,250\text{₦}59,250. Ordinary commission (5%5\% of total sales of 820,000\text{₦}820,000) equals 41,000\text{₦}41,000. Del-credere commission (2.5%2.5\% of credit sales of 330,000\text{₦}330,000) equals 8,250\text{₦}8,250. Overriding commission (10%10\% of the 100,000\text{₦}100,000 total price excess over 1,800\text{₦}1,800 per package) equals 10,000\text{₦}10,000. Adding these three amounts yields 41,000+8,250+10,000=59,250\text{₦}41,000 + \text{₦}8,250 + \text{₦}10,000 = \text{₦}59,250.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total gross sales and break them down into cash sales and credit sales.
Cash Sales: (200×2,000)+(50×1,800)=400,000+90,000=490,000(200 \times \text{₦}2,000) + (50 \times \text{₦}1,800) = \text{₦}400,000 + \text{₦}90,000 = \text{₦}490,000.
Credit Sales: 150×2,200=330,000150 \times \text{₦}2,200 = \text{₦}330,000.
Total Gross Sales: 490,000+330,000=820,000\text{₦}490,000 + \text{₦}330,000 = \text{₦}820,000.
Different types of commission apply to different bases (total sales, credit sales, or excess realized).
2
Compute the Ordinary Commission.
Ordinary Commission = 5%×820,000=41,0005\% \times \text{₦}820,000 = \text{₦}41,000.
Ordinary commission is calculated on the total gross sales unless specified otherwise.
3
Compute the Del-Credere Commission.
Del-Credere Commission = 2.5%×330,000=8,2502.5\% \times \text{₦}330,000 = \text{₦}8,250.
The contract explicitly states that del-credere commission is calculated at 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales.
4
Compute the Overriding Commission.
Excess price on 200 cash packages: 200×(2,0001,800)=40,000200 \times (\text{₦}2,000 - \text{₦}1,800) = \text{₦}40,000.
Excess price on 150 credit packages: 150×(2,2001,800)=60,000150 \times (\text{₦}2,200 - \text{₦}1,800) = \text{₦}60,000.
Excess price on 50 cash packages sold at 1,800\text{₦}1,800: 50×(1,8001,800)=050 \times (\text{₦}1,800 - \text{₦}1,800) = \text{₦}0.
Total Excess Realized = 40,000+60,000=100,000\text{₦}40,000 + \text{₦}60,000 = \text{₦}100,000.
Overriding Commission = 10%×100,000=10,00010\% \times \text{₦}100,000 = \text{₦}10,000.
Overriding commission is awarded on the premium price achieved above the benchmark per package.
5
Sum up all three commissions to determine total earnings.
Total Commission = 41,000+8,250+10,000=59,250\text{₦}41,000 + \text{₦}8,250 + \text{₦}10,000 = \text{₦}59,250.
The consignee is entitled to the aggregate of ordinary, del-credere, and overriding commissions as per the agreement.

Key Concept

Computation of Ordinary, Del-Credere, and Overriding Commissions
Question 54Question

Folake Enterprises consigned goods to Audu. During the trading period, Audu generated cash sales of ₦400,000 and credit sales of ₦600,000. A credit customer defaulted, resulting in bad debts of ₦30,000. Under the terms of the agreement, Audu receives an ordinary commission of 5% on total sales and a del-credere commission of 3% on credit sales. If Audu also incurred selling expenses of ₦20,000, what is the net amount payable by Audu to Folake Enterprises?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦912,000

Answer

The net amount payable by Audu to Folake Enterprises is ₦912,000.
Total sales equal ₦1,000,000 (₦400,000 cash + ₦600,000 credit). The ordinary commission is 5% of ₦1,000,000 (₦50,000) and the del-credere commission is 3% of ₦600,000 (₦18,000), making total commission ₦68,000. Adding selling expenses of ₦20,000 gives total allowable deductions of ₦88,000 from gross proceeds. Because Audu earns a del-credere commission, he bears the ₦30,000 bad debt loss entirely. Thus, the net remittance to Folake Enterprises is ₦1,000,000 - ₦88,000 = ₦912,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total sales generated by the consignee
Total Sales = ₦400,000 (Cash) + ₦600,000 (Credit) = ₦1,000,000
Both cash and credit sales form the gross sales revenue of the consignment.
2
Calculate ordinary commission and del-credere commission
Ordinary Commission = 5% of ₦1,000,000 = ₦50,000; Del-Credere Commission = 3% of ₦600,000 = ₦18,000; Total Commission = ₦68,000
Ordinary commission applies to total sales, while del-credere commission applies specifically to credit sales as stipulated.
3
Determine the treatment of bad debts and total deductions
Total Deductions = Commission (₦68,000) + Selling Expenses (₦20,000) = ₦88,000. Bad debts (₦30,000) are borne entirely by the consignee.
Receiving a del-credere commission shifts the risk of bad debts from the consignor to the consignee.
4
Calculate the net amount remitted/payable to the consignor
Net Amount Payable = ₦1,000,000 - ₦88,000 = ₦912,000
Deducting authorized consignee expenses and commissions from total gross sales yields the net proceeds owed to the consignor.

Key Concept

Consignee Commission Computation and Del-Credere Bad Debt Treatment
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 55Question

Alhaji Bello consigned 1,0001,000 packages of goods to Chidi with instructions to sell them at a minimum benchmark price of ₦1,5001,500 per package. Chidi sold 400400 packages for cash at ₦1,8001,800 each and 600600 packages on credit at ₦2,0002,000 each. The consignment agreement stipulates an ordinary commission of 5%5\% on total sales, a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales, and an overriding commission of 10%10\% on any surplus sales value realized above the minimum benchmark price. What is the total commission payable to Chidi in Naira?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 168000

Answer

The total commission payable to Chidi is ₦168,000.
Total sales generated are 1,920,000₦1,920,000 (720,000₦720,000 cash + 1,200,000₦1,200,000 credit). Ordinary commission at 5%5\% equals 96,000₦96,000. Del-credere commission at 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales of 1,200,000₦1,200,000 equals 30,000₦30,000. Overriding commission at 10%10\% on the surplus of 420,000₦420,000 over the benchmark price of 1,500,000₦1,500,000 equals 42,000₦42,000. Combining these three amounts yields a total commission of 168,000₦168,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate cash sales, credit sales, and total sales revenue
Cash Sales = 400×1,800=720,000400 \times ₦1,800 = ₦720,000; Credit Sales = 600×2,000=1,200,000600 \times ₦2,000 = ₦1,200,000; Total Sales = 1,920,000₦1,920,000
Determining gross revenue is necessary to compute ordinary and overriding commissions.
2
Calculate Ordinary Commission
5%×1,920,000=96,0005\% \times ₦1,920,000 = ₦96,000
Ordinary commission is earned on overall gross sales value.
3
Calculate Del-Credere Commission
2.5%×1,200,000=30,0002.5\% \times ₦1,200,000 = ₦30,000
Del-credere commission is calculated specifically on credit sales.
4
Calculate Overriding Commission
Benchmark Minimum Value = 1,000×1,500=1,500,0001,000 \times ₦1,500 = ₦1,500,000; Surplus Realized = 1,920,0001,500,000=420,000₦1,920,000 - ₦1,500,000 = ₦420,000; Overriding Commission = 10%×420,000=42,00010\% \times ₦420,000 = ₦42,000
Overriding commission rewards the agent for securing a selling price higher than the minimum threshold specified by the consignor.
5
Sum up all commission elements
96,000+30,000+42,000=168,000₦96,000 + ₦30,000 + ₦42,000 = ₦168,000
The total payout to the consignee is the sum of ordinary, del-credere, and overriding commissions.

Key Concept

Consignee's Commission: Ordinary, Del-Credere, and Overriding Commission Computation
Question 56Question

Kofi consigned 500500 units of solar lanterns costing 12,000\text{₦}12,000 per unit to Aminu. Kofi paid freight of 300,000\text{₦}300,000 and loading charges of 100,000\text{₦}100,000. Aminu paid clearing charges of 200,000\text{₦}200,000, warehouse rent of 150,000\text{₦}150,000, and sales commission of 100,000\text{₦}100,000. At the end of the trading period, Aminu reported that 400400 units were sold. What is the value of the unsold consignment stock?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1,320,000\text{₦}1,320,000

Answer

The value of the unsold consignment stock is 1,320,000\text{₦}1,320,000.
Unsold consignment stock must be valued at cost plus a proportionate share of all direct non-recurring expenses incurred by both consignor and consignee up to the point of receiving the goods at the destination. The basic cost for 100100 units is 1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000. The proportionate consignor expenses (Freight and Loading) equal 15×400,000=80,000\frac{1}{5} \times \text{₦}400,000 = \text{₦}80,000. The proportionate consignee direct expense (Clearing charges) equals 15×200,000=40,000\frac{1}{5} \times \text{₦}200,000 = \text{₦}40,000. Adding these together gives 1,320,000\text{₦}1,320,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the quantity of unsold stock and the basic cost.
Unsold quantity = 500400=100500 - 400 = 100 units (20%20\% or 15\frac{1}{5} of total). Basic cost = 100×12,000=1,200,000100 \times \text{₦}12,000 = \text{₦}1,200,000.
Unsold stock is calculated based on the fraction of remaining goods.
2
Identify and sum the consignor's direct non-recurring expenses.
Total consignor expenses = 300,000 (Freight)+100,000 (Loading)=400,000\text{₦}300,000 \text{ (Freight)} + \text{₦}100,000 \text{ (Loading)} = \text{₦}400,000. Proportionate share = 100500×400,000=80,000\frac{100}{500} \times \text{₦}400,000 = \text{₦}80,000.
All reasonable expenses paid by the consignor to send the goods are non-recurring and added proportionately.
3
Identify and add the consignee's direct (non-recurring) expenses.
Direct consignee expense = 200,000 (Clearing charges)\text{₦}200,000 \text{ (Clearing charges)}. Indirect expenses (warehouse rent and sales commission) are excluded. Proportionate share = 100500×200,000=40,000\frac{100}{500} \times \text{₦}200,000 = \text{₦}40,000.
Only non-recurring costs incurred by the consignee to take delivery (e.g., clearing, dock dues) are added to stock valuation.
4
Compute total value of unsold consignment stock.
Total stock value = 1,200,000+80,000+40,000=1,320,000\text{₦}1,200,000 + \text{₦}80,000 + \text{₦}40,000 = \text{₦}1,320,000.
Combining basic cost and all proportionate direct non-recurring expenses gives the proper inventory valuation.

Key Concept

Valuation of Unsold Consignment Stock
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 57Question

Nkem Enterprises consigned 800800 cases of merchandise to Babatunde. Babatunde sold 500500 cases for cash at ₦2,0002,000 per case and 300300 cases on credit at ₦2,2002,200 per case. The contract specified three types of commission: an ordinary commission of 5%5\% on total sales, a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales, and an overriding commission of 10%10\% on total sales value achieved in excess of the benchmark price of ₦1,8001,800 per case. During the period, a credit customer defaulted, incurring a bad debt of ₦50,00050,000. What is the total commission earned by Babatunde?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦121,500

Answer

The total commission earned by Babatunde is ₦121,500.
The total commission is calculated by summing the ordinary commission on total sales (5% of ₦1,660,000 = ₦83,000), del-credere commission on credit sales (2.5% of ₦660,000 = ₦16,500), and overriding commission on price realization above benchmark (10% of ₦220,000 = ₦22,000), yielding ₦121,500.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Cash Sales, Credit Sales, and Total Sales
Cash Sales = 500×2,000=1,000,000500 \times ₦2,000 = ₦1,000,000; Credit Sales = 300×2,200=660,000300 \times ₦2,200 = ₦660,000; Total Sales = 1,000,000+660,000=1,660,000₦1,000,000 + ₦660,000 = ₦1,660,000.
Sales figures are required to determine the base amount for each commission type.
2
Compute Ordinary Commission
Ordinary Commission = 5%×1,660,000=83,0005\% \times ₦1,660,000 = ₦83,000.
Ordinary commission is earned on total sales revenue.
3
Compute Del-Credere Commission
Del-Credere Commission = 2.5%×660,000=16,5002.5\% \times ₦660,000 = ₦16,500.
Del-credere commission is calculated on credit sales (or total sales if explicitly specified, but standard provision applies to credit sales).
4
Compute Overriding Commission
Excess price on cash sales = 500×(2,0001,800)=100,000500 \times (₦2,000 - ₦1,800) = ₦100,000; Excess price on credit sales = 300×(2,2001,800)=120,000300 \times (₦2,200 - ₦1,800) = ₦120,000; Total excess = 220,000₦220,000; Overriding Commission = 10%×220,000=22,00010\% \times ₦220,000 = ₦22,000.
Overriding commission rewards selling above the specified benchmark price.
5
Sum all commission components
Total Commission = 83,000+16,500+22,000=121,500₦83,000 + ₦16,500 + ₦22,000 = ₦121,500.
Adding the three commission components gives the gross commission earned by the consignee.

Key Concept

Consignee's Commission Structure (Ordinary, Del-Credere, and Overriding)
Question 58Question

Danladi Enterprises consigned 200200 crates of fruit juice to Segun at an agreed benchmark selling price of ₦5,0005,000 per crate. Segun's terms of remuneration comprise an ordinary commission of 5%5\% on total sales, a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales, and an overriding commission of 10%10\% on any surplus sales revenue realized above the benchmark price. During the period, Segun sold 120120 crates for cash and 8080 crates on credit, all at a uniform price of ₦6,0006,000 per crate. What is the total commission payable to Segun?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦92,000

Answer

The total commission payable to Segun is ₦92,000.
The correct total commission of ₦92,000 is determined by adding ordinary commission of ₦60,000 (5% of total sales ₦1,200,000), del-credere commission of ₦12,000 (2.5% of credit sales ₦480,000), and overriding commission of ₦20,000 (10% of the ₦200,000 excess realized over the benchmark price of ₦1,000,000).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate cash sales, credit sales, and total sales revenue
Cash sales = 120 × ₦6,000 = ₦720,000; Credit sales = 80 × ₦6,000 = ₦480,000; Total sales = ₦720,000 + ₦480,000 = ₦1,200,000.
Establishing individual revenue components is necessary to apply the respective commission rates.
2
Calculate the Ordinary Commission
Ordinary Commission = 5% of ₦1,200,000 = ₦60,000.
Ordinary commission is calculated on total sales revenue.
3
Calculate the Del-Credere Commission
Del-Credere Commission = 2.5% of ₦480,000 = ₦12,000.
Unless stated otherwise, del-credere commission is computed specifically on credit sales.
4
Calculate the Overriding Commission
Benchmark value = 200 × ₦5,000 = ₦1,000,000. Surplus revenue = ₦1,200,000 - ₦1,000,000 = ₦200,000. Overriding Commission = 10% of ₦200,000 = ₦20,000.
Overriding commission is granted on the excess price realized over the specified benchmark price.
5
Sum all commission types to determine total remuneration
Total Commission = ₦60,000 + ₦12,000 + ₦20,000 = ₦92,000.
Combining ordinary, del-credere, and overriding commissions yields total commission payable.

Key Concept

Consignee Commission Types and Computation
Question 59Question

Suleiman Merchants consigned 500500 crates of goods to Danjuma Traders to sell on their behalf. The agreed commission structure was: an ordinary commission of 5%5\% on total sales, an overriding commission of 15%15\% on any excess sales proceeds realized above the target price of ₦4,0004,000 per crate, and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales. During the consignment period, Danjuma Traders sold 300300 crates for cash at ₦4,5004,500 per crate and 150150 crates on credit at ₦4,8004,800 per crate. A credit customer subsequently defaulted, creating a bad debt of ₦96,00096,000. What is the total commission in Naira (₦) earned by Danjuma Traders?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 162000

Answer

The total commission earned by Danjuma Traders is ₦162,000.
Total commission earned by Danjuma Traders comprises Ordinary Commission (5%5\% of ₦2,070,000=2,070,000 = 103,500103,500), Overriding Commission (15%15\% of excess ₦270,000=270,000 = 40,50040,500), and Del-Credere Commission (2.5%2.5\% of credit sales ₦720,000=720,000 = 18,00018,000). Adding these together gives ₦103,500+40,500+18,000=162,000103,500 + 40,500 + 18,000 = \text{₦}162,000. Note that bad debt affects the net profit of the consignee but does not reduce the contractually earned commission amount.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate Cash Sales, Credit Sales, and Total Sales
Cash Sales = 300×4,500=1,350,000300 \times \text{₦}4,500 = \text{₦}1,350,000
Credit Sales = 150×4,800=720,000150 \times \text{₦}4,800 = \text{₦}720,000
Total Sales = \text{₦}1,350,000 + \text{₦}720,000 = \text{₦}2,070,000$
Sales revenues are required to compute the percentage commissions.
2
Determine target price value and excess sales proceeds
Total units sold = 300+150=450300 + 150 = 450 crates
Target sales value = 450×4,000=1,800,000450 \times \text{₦}4,000 = \text{₦}1,800,000
Excess sales proceeds = \text{₦}2,070,000 - \text{₦}1,800,000 = \text{₦}270,000$
Overriding commission applies specifically to the extra price realized beyond the ₦4,000 per crate target price.
3
Compute Ordinary Commission
Ordinary Commission = 5%×2,070,000=103,5005\% \times \text{₦}2,070,000 = \text{₦}103,500
Ordinary commission is earned on total sales.
4
Compute Overriding Commission
Overriding Commission = 15%×270,000=40,50015\% \times \text{₦}270,000 = \text{₦}40,500
Overriding commission is earned on the surplus sales proceeds realized above the target price.
5
Compute Del-Credere Commission
Del-Credere Commission = 2.5%×720,000=18,0002.5\% \times \text{₦}720,000 = \text{₦}18,000
Del-credere commission is calculated on credit sales to compensate the consignee for bearing the risk of bad debts.
6
Calculate Total Commission
Total Commission = \text{₦}103,500 + \text{₦}40,500 + \text{₦}18,000 = \text{₦}162,000$
Adding the three commission components yields the total commission earned by the consignee.

Key Concept

Computation of Ordinary, Overriding, and Del-Credere Commissions in Consignment Accounts
Question 60Question

Match each consignment transaction recorded in the consignor's books on the left with its correct double-entry posting on the right:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Goods dispatched to the consignee at cost price
Direct expenses paid by the consignor for freight and insurance
Del-credere commission payable to the consignee for selling goods
Advance payment received from the consignee via a bill of exchange

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Goods dispatched matches Debit Consignment Account and Credit Goods Sent on Consignment Account; Direct expenses paid by consignor matches Debit Consignment Account and Credit Cash/Bank Account; Del-credere commission payable matches Debit Consignment Account and Credit Consignee's Personal Account; Advance payment received matches Debit Bills Receivable Account and Credit Consignee's Personal Account.
In the consignor's ledger, the Consignment Account is debited with all costs (cost of goods sent, direct handling expenses, and consignee commissions). The Consignee's Personal Account is credited with advance payments received (such as bills receivable) and commissions earned by the agent.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the posting for goods dispatched by consignor
Debit Consignment Account and Credit Goods Sent on Consignment Account
The Consignment Account acts as a nominal account accumulating all consignment costs.
2
Identify the posting for direct carriage and freight expenses paid by consignor
Debit Consignment Account and Credit Cash/Bank Account
Direct expenses incurred by the consignor increase consignment cost and involve cash outlay.
3
Identify the posting for commission earned by consignee
Debit Consignment Account and Credit Consignee's Personal Account
Commission is a consignment expense payable to the agent, creating a credit balance in the consignee's personal account.
4
Identify the posting for an advance received by bill of exchange
Debit Bills Receivable Account and Credit Consignee's Personal Account
Receiving an advance creates an asset (Bills Receivable) while reducing the consignee's obligation.

Key Concept

Double Entry Rules for Consignment and Consignee Ledger Accounts in Consignor's Books
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Joint Venture and Consignment Accounts Practice Questions — JAMB UTME — Page 3 | Examkin