Joint Venture and Consignment Accounts

74 questions

Question 61Question

Tunde consigned goods valued at 600,000\text{₦}600,000 to Okon and paid 30,000\text{₦}30,000 for carriage and insurance. Okon sold 80%80\% of the consignment for 560,000\text{₦}560,000 and incurred 20,000\text{₦}20,000 in selling expenses. Okon is entitled to an ordinary commission of 5%5\% and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on total sales. During the period, credit sales of 15,000\text{₦}15,000 proved irrecoverable as a bad debt. What is the net amount due from Okon to Tunde upon final settlement of the account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 498,000\text{₦}498,000

Answer

The net amount due from Okon to Tunde upon final settlement is 498,000\text{₦}498,000.
In the consignor's ledger, the Consignee Personal Account (Okon's Account) is debited with the total sales proceeds of 560,000\text{₦}560,000. It is credited with the expenses incurred by the consignee (20,000\text{₦}20,000) and total commission (7.5%7.5\% of 560,000=42,000\text{₦}560,000 = \text{₦}42,000). Because del-credere commission is paid, credit losses (bad debts of 15,000\text{₦}15,000) are absorbed by the consignee and do not enter the consignor's ledger. Therefore, the net balance payable to Tunde is 560,00020,00042,000=498,000\text{₦}560,000 - \text{₦}20,000 - \text{₦}42,000 = \text{₦}498,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total commission earned by the consignee
Total Commission Rate = 5%+2.5%=7.5%5\% + 2.5\% = 7.5\%. Total Commission Amount = 7.5%×560,000=��42,0007.5\% \times \text{₦}560,000 = \text{��}42,000.
Del-credere commission is added to ordinary commission to determine total compensation due to the consignee.
2
Determine the treatment of bad debts
Bad debts of 15,000\text{₦}15,000 are borne entirely by Okon and are not credited to Okon's account in Tunde's books.
When a consignee receives del-credere commission, they guarantee payment and bear all credit losses.
3
Calculate net balance payable by Okon in Consignee Personal Account
Net Settlement = 560,00020,00042,000=498,000\text{₦}560,000 - \text{₦}20,000 - \text{₦}42,000 = \text{₦}498,000.
Okon's account is debited with sales proceeds collected and credited with approved expenses and commission.

Key Concept

Preparation of Consignee Personal Account in Consignor's Books and Accounting Treatment of Del-Credere Commission
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 62Question

Under a standard consignment arrangement, dispatching goods from the consignor to the consignee transfers physical possession of the merchandise to the consignee, while legal ownership and title to the unsold goods remain with the consignor.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

The statement is True. In a consignment transaction, the consignor (principal) retains legal title to all unsold goods, transferring only physical possession to the consignee (agent).
The correct evaluation is True because a consignment is fundamentally a principal-agent agreement. The consignor retains ownership of the merchandise, while the consignee merely acts as an intermediary receiving physical custody to effect sales.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the nature of the principal-agent relationship in consignment transactions.
The consignor is the principal and owner of the goods, whereas the consignee acts as an agent receiving goods for sale on commission.
Establishing the legal relationship identifies who retains legal title.
2
Distinguish between physical possession and legal ownership during dispatch.
Physical possession passes to the consignee upon delivery, but legal title remains with the consignor until a sale occurs.
Consignment is a bailment of goods, not an outright purchase or sale.
3
Evaluate the statement against accounting principles of consignment.
The statement accurately reflects that legal title stays with the consignor while possession transfers to the consignee.
Unsold goods are included in the consignor's closing inventory for accounting purposes.

Key Concept

Principal-Agent Relationship and Ownership Retention in Consignment
Question 63Question

Bello consigned goods to Segun and paid him a del-credere commission in addition to his ordinary commission. If a credit customer defaults on payment to Segun, how should the resulting bad debt be recorded in Bello's ledger?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It is not recorded in any account in Bello's ledger.

Answer

No entry is recorded in Bello's ledger because the consignee bears all bad debt losses when del-credere commission is paid.
When a consignor pays a del-credere commission, the consignee guarantees payment for all credit sales and personally absorbs any bad debts. Consequently, credit losses are not recognized in the consignor's books, meaning no entry is made in the consignor's ledger.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the relationship between consignor, consignee, and del-credere commission.
The consignee (Segun) receives del-credere commission specifically to guarantee collection from credit buyers.
Del-credere commission transfers the financial risk of credit customer defaults from the consignor to the consignee.
2
Determine the accounting treatment in the consignor's (Bello's) ledger.
Since the loss is absorbed entirely by Segun out of his commission, Bello suffers no bad debt loss.
No entry for bad debts is required in either the Consignment Account or Segun's Personal Account in Bello's books.

Key Concept

Accounting treatment of bad debts when del-credere commission is paid
Estimated Time:45s
Question 64Question

Zainab Traders dispatched 1,2001,200 crates of industrial lubricants costing 8,000\text{₦}8,000 per crate on consignment to Aliyu & Sons. Zainab Traders paid 480,000\text{₦}480,000 for freight and 120,000\text{₦}120,000 for transit insurance. Aliyu & Sons paid 240,000\text{₦}240,000 for clearing charges, 180,000\text{₦}180,000 for godown rent, and 300,000\text{₦}300,000 for sales commission. If 900900 crates were sold by the end of the accounting period, what is the total value of the unsold consignment stock in Naira (\text{₦})?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2610000

Answer

The total value of the unsold consignment stock is ₦2,610,000.
The correct total value of unsold consignment stock is ₦2,610,000. This comprises the basic cost of 300 unsold crates (₦2,400,000), proportionate consignor non-recurring expenses of freight and insurance (₦150,000), and proportionate consignee non-recurring clearing charges (₦60,000). Recurring expenses (godown rent and commission) are omitted.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the number of unsold crates and compute their basic cost price.
Unsold quantity = 300 crates; Basic cost = ₦2,400,000
Unsold stock is measured as the difference between total consigned quantity (1,200 crates) and sold quantity (900 crates), multiplied by the unit cost (₦8,000).
2
Add the proportionate share of consignor's direct (non-recurring) expenses.
Proportionate consignor expenses = ₦150,000
Freight (₦480,000) and transit insurance (₦120,000) are incurred to bring goods to their destination and must be apportioned to unsold units (1/4 × ₦600,000 = ₦150,000).
3
Add the proportionate share of consignee's direct (non-recurring) expenses while excluding recurring expenses.
Proportionate consignee direct expenses = ₦60,000
Clearing charges (₦240,000) are direct non-recurring costs (1/4 × ₦240,000 = ₦60,000). Recurring expenses such as godown rent and sales commission are excluded from stock valuation.
4
Sum basic cost, consignor proportionate expenses, and consignee direct proportionate expenses.
Total unsold stock valuation = ₦2,610,000
Consignment stock is valued at cost plus all proportionate non-recurring expenses incurred up to the point of reaching the consignee's warehouse.

Key Concept

Valuation and Accounting Treatment of Unsold Consignment Stock
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 65Question

Olu & Sons consigned 1,0001,000 litres of industrial chemical costing 1,000\text{₦}1,000 per litre to an agent in Ibadan. Olu & Sons paid 120,000\text{₦}120,000 for freight and insurance. During transit, 100100 litres were completely destroyed in an accident. Upon arrival, the agent paid 45,000\text{₦}45,000 for clearing and unloading. Due to natural evaporation, 9090 litres were lost during storage. If the agent subsequently sold 600600 litres, what is the valuation of the unsold consignment stock?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦273,000

Answer

₦273,000
To value closing stock when both normal and abnormal losses occur: first, calculate the abnormal loss in transit (100100 litres ×1,120=112,000\times \text{₦}1,120 = \text{₦}112,000) and deduct it from the total consignor outlay. Next, add consignee's direct non-recurring expenses (45,000\text{₦}45,000) to get 1,053,000\text{₦}1,053,000 for the 900900 litres received. Normal loss (9090 litres) is not assigned a cost; instead, the total cost of 1,053,000\text{₦}1,053,000 is divided by the remaining 810810 good litres, giving an effective unit cost of 1,300\text{₦}1,300 per litre. Multiplying 210210 unsold litres by 1,300\text{₦}1,300 yields 273,000\text{₦}273,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total initial cost of goods sent and consignor's expenses
Total cost = (1,000×1,000)+120,000=1,120,000(1,000 \times \text{₦}1,000) + \text{₦}120,000 = \text{₦}1,120,000 (or 1,120\text{₦}1,120 per litre).
Consignor expenses are part of the total cost of goods dispatched.
2
Deduct abnormal loss in transit
Abnormal loss value = 100 litres×1,120=112,000100 \text{ litres} \times \text{₦}1,120 = \text{₦}112,000. Cost of remaining 900900 litres delivered = 1,120,000112,000=1,008,000\text{₦}1,120,000 - \text{₦}112,000 = \text{₦}1,008,000.
Abnormal loss is valued at cost plus proportionate consignor expenses incurred up to the point of loss and credited to the Consignment Account.
3
Add consignee's non-recurring expenses and determine cost of good litres after normal loss
Total cost of 900900 litres = 1,008,000+45,000=1,053,000\text{₦}1,008,000 + \text{₦}45,000 = \text{₦}1,053,000. Good litres remaining after 9090 litres normal loss = 90090=810900 - 90 = 810 litres. Cost per good litre = 1,053,000/810=1,300\text{₦}1,053,000 / 810 = \text{₦}1,300.
Normal loss carries no monetary valuation; its cost is absorbed by the remaining good units, inflating the cost per unit.
4
Calculate valuation of unsold stock
Unsold litres = 810600=210810 - 600 = 210 litres. Value of unsold stock = 210×1,300=273,000210 \times \text{₦}1,300 = \text{₦}273,000.
Unsold stock is valued at the inflated cost per good unit.

Key Concept

Valuation of Unsold Stock with Normal and Abnormal Losses
Question 66Question

Emeka Enterprises consigned 400400 cases of goods costing 10,000\text{₦}10,000 per case to Zainab Stores and paid 200,000\text{₦}200,000 for freight and transit insurance. Zainab Stores paid landing charges of 100,000\text{₦}100,000 and sales promotion expenses of 50,000\text{₦}50,000. Zainab Stores sold 300300 cases at 15,000\text{₦}15,000 per case, earning an ordinary commission of 5%5\% and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on gross sales. Credit customers defaulted on payments totaling 60,000\text{₦}60,000. What is the net amount remitted by Zainab Stores to Emeka Enterprises in full settlement?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 4,012,500\text{₦}4,012,500

Answer

4,012,500\text{₦}4,012,500
In the consignor's ledger, the Consignee Personal Account is debited with gross sales revenue (4,500,000\text{₦}4,500,000) and credited with expenses incurred by the consignee (150,000\text{₦}150,000) as well as total earned commission (7.5%7.5\% of 4,500,000=337,500\text{₦}4,500,000 = \text{₦}337,500). Because del-credere commission is paid, bad debts (60,000\text{₦}60,000) are borne entirely by the consignee and do not enter the consignor's books. Thus, the net balance payable to Emeka Enterprises is 4,500,000150,000337,500=4,012,500\text{₦}4,500,000 - \text{₦}150,000 - \text{₦}337,500 = \text{₦}4,012,500.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total gross sales made by the consignee
Gross Sales=300 cases×15,000=4,500,000\text{Gross Sales} = 300 \text{ cases} \times \text{₦}15,000 = \text{₦}4,500,000
Zainab Stores' account in the consignor's books is debited with the total sales proceeds received or receivable.
2
Calculate total commission payable to the consignee
Total Commission Rate=5%+2.5%=7.5%\text{Total Commission Rate} = 5\% + 2.5\% = 7.5\%. Total Commission=7.5%×4,500,000=337,500\text{Total Commission} = 7.5\% \times \text{₦}4,500,000 = \text{₦}337,500
Both ordinary and del-credere commissions are credited to the consignee's personal account.
3
Sum expenses incurred directly by the consignee
Consignee Expenses=100,000 (landing)+50,000 (promotion)=150,000\text{Consignee Expenses} = \text{₦}100,000 \text{ (landing)} + \text{₦}50,000 \text{ (promotion)} = \text{₦}150,000
Expenses paid by the consignee on behalf of the consignment are credited to the consignee's account.
4
Determine accounting treatment for bad debts under del-credere commission
Bad debts of 60,000\text{₦}60,000 are absorbed entirely by Zainab Stores and NOT credited to Zainab's account in Emeka's books.
When del-credere commission is paid, the consignee assumes full liability for credit losses.
5
Calculate net balance due from consignee for settlement
Net Remittance=4,500,000150,000337,500=4,012,500\text{Net Remittance} = \text{₦}4,500,000 - \text{₦}150,000 - \text{₦}337,500 = \text{₦}4,012,500
Balancing the consignee's personal account yields the draft amount sent to the consignor.

Key Concept

Consignee Personal Account Settlement and Del-Credere Commission
Estimated Time:2m 30s
Question 67Question

Kemi Merchants consigned 600600 cartons of goods to Musa. The terms of remuneration agreed upon were an ordinary commission of 5%5\% on total sales, a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on credit sales, and an overriding commission of 10%10\% on excess sales proceeds above the benchmark price of ₦4,0004,000 per carton. Musa sold 400400 cartons on credit at ₦4,5004,500 per carton and 200200 cartons for cash at ₦4,0004,000 per carton. During the period, a credit customer defaulted, giving rise to a bad debt of ₦30,00030,000. What is the net amount payable by Musa to Kemi Merchants?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦2,405,000

Answer

The net amount payable by Musa to Kemi Merchants is ₦2,405,000.
Total sales generated by the consignee amount to ₦2,600,000 (₦1,800,000 credit sales + ₦800,000 cash sales). The consignee earns ordinary commission of ₦130,000 (5% of ₦2,600,000), del-credere commission of ₦45,000 (2.5% of ₦1,800,000 credit sales), and overriding commission of ₦20,000 (10% of ₦200,000 surplus above benchmark price), totaling ₦195,000 in commission. Because del-credere commission is paid, the consignee bears the ₦30,000 bad debt. Thus, the net amount payable to the consignor is ₦2,600,000 minus ₦195,000, which equals ₦2,405,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate sales revenue
Credit sales = 400×4,500=1,800,000400 \times ₦4,500 = ₦1,800,000; Cash sales = 200×4,000=800,000200 \times ₦4,000 = ₦800,000; Total sales = 1,800,000+800,000=2,600,000₦1,800,000 + ₦800,000 = ₦2,600,000.
Determines total gross proceeds received by the consignee.
2
Compute total commission payable
Ordinary commission = 5%×2,600,000=130,0005\% \times ₦2,600,000 = ₦130,000; Del-credere commission = 2.5%×1,800,000=45,0002.5\% \times ₦1,800,000 = ₦45,000; Benchmark sales value = 600×4,000=2,400,000600 \times ₦4,000 = ₦2,400,000; Excess sales = 2,600,0002,400,000=200,000₦2,600,000 - ₦2,400,000 = ₦200,000; Overriding commission = 10%×200,000=20,00010\% \times ₦200,000 = ₦20,000; Total commission = 130,000+45,000+20,000=195,000₦130,000 + ₦45,000 + ₦20,000 = ₦195,000.
Calculates each type of commission earned by the consignee under the specified terms.
3
Determine net proceeds remittable to consignor
Net amount payable = Total sales - Total commission = 2,600,000195,000=2,405,000₦2,600,000 - ₦195,000 = ₦2,405,000. The bad debt of ₦30,000 is borne by Musa because del-credere commission was charged.
Under a del-credere commission arrangement, bad debt losses are not chargeable to the consignor.

Key Concept

Consignee Commission Computation & Del-Credere Bad Debt Treatment
Question 68Question

Ade consigned 500 drums of vegetable oil costing ₦10,000 per drum to an agent in Kaduna. Ade paid carriage and insurance costs totaling ₦200,000. During transit, 50 drums were completely destroyed in an accident. The consignee subsequently paid ₦90,000 for clearing charges and ₦50,000 for warehouse rent. What is the value of the abnormal loss to be credited to the Consignment Account?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ₦520,000

Answer

The value of the abnormal loss to be credited to the Consignment Account is ₦520,000.
The correct valuation of ₦520,000 represents the original purchase cost of the 50 lost drums (50 × ₦10,000 = ₦500,000) plus their proportionate share of the consignor's transit expenses ((50 / 500) × ₦200,000 = ₦20,000). Since the accident occurred in transit, no consignee expenses are attached.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the total cost incurred by the consignor before transit.
Total consignor cost = Cost of goods + Consignor expenses = (500 × ₦10,000) + ₦200,000 = ₦5,000,000 + ₦200,000 = ₦5,200,000.
Abnormal loss in transit must absorb its proportionate share of expenses incurred prior to the point of loss.
2
Calculate the cost per drum before transit.
Cost per drum = ₦5,200,000 / 500 drums = ₦10,400 per drum.
This establishes the total unit cost including consignor's carriage and insurance.
3
Compute the value of the 50 destroyed drums.
Abnormal Loss Value = 50 drums × ₦10,400 = ₦520,000.
Consignee expenses paid after the transit accident cannot be attached to goods already lost in transit.

Key Concept

Valuation of Abnormal Loss in Transit
Question 69Question

Alhassan & Co. consigned 500500 units of goods valued at 1,500\text{₦}1,500 each to Chukwu & Sons. Alhassan & Co. paid 50,000\text{₦}50,000 for carriage and insurance. Chukwu & Sons sold 400400 units at 2,200\text{₦}2,200 per unit, paying clearing charges of 25,000\text{₦}25,000 and selling expenses of 15,000\text{₦}15,000. Chukwu & Sons is entitled to an ordinary commission of 5%5\% and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on total sales. During the period, credit customers defaulted on a payment of 18,000\text{₦}18,000.

What is the net amount due from Chukwu & Sons to be shown in the Consignee's Personal Account in Alhassan & Co.'s books?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: ��774,000\text{��}774,000

Answer

774,000\text{₦}774,000
The correct answer is 774,000\text{₦}774,000. The Consignee's Personal Account in the Consignor's books is debited with total gross sales (880,000\text{₦}880,000) and credited with expenses incurred by the consignee (40,000\text{₦}40,000) as well as total commission (66,000\text{₦}66,000). The resulting debit balance of 774,000\text{₦}774,000 represents the net remittance due. Because a del-credere commission is paid, bad debts are absorbed by the consignee and do not appear in the consignor's books.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total sales proceeds received by the consignee
Total Sales = 400 units×2,200=880,000400 \text{ units} \times \text{₦}2,200 = \text{₦}880,000
The consignee's account is debited with the total sales value generated on behalf of the consignor.
2
Calculate total commission payable to the consignee
Total Commission rate = 5% (ordinary)+2.5% (del-credere)=7.5%5\% \text{ (ordinary)} + 2.5\% \text{ (del-credere)} = 7.5\%. Total Commission = 7.5%×880,000=66,0007.5\% \times \text{₦}880,000 = \text{₦}66,000
Commission is calculated on total gross sales.
3
Sum total deductions allowed to the consignee
Total Deductions = Consignee Expenses (25,000+15,000\text{₦}25,000 + \text{₦}15,000) + Total Commission (66,000\text{₦}66,000) = \text{₦}106,000$
Consignee expenses and earned commission are credited to the consignee's account.
4
Determine net amount due from consignee and evaluate bad debt treatment
Net Amount Due = 880,000106,000=774,000\text{₦}880,000 - \text{₦}106,000 = \text{₦}774,000
Since del-credere commission is paid, bad debts of 18,000\text{₦}18,000 are borne entirely by Chukwu & Sons and are ignored in Alhassan & Co.'s books.

Key Concept

Accounting for Consignee's Personal Account and Del-Credere Commission
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 70Question

In consignment accounting, an abnormal loss is credited to the Consignment Account at cost plus proportional expenses, whereas a normal loss is not separately credited to the Consignment Account but instead inflates the cost per unit of the remaining good units.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

The statement is True.
The statement is correct because normal loss is unavoidable and treated by adjusting the unit cost of surviving units without a credit entry to the Consignment Account, while abnormal loss is avoidable, valued including proportionate expenses, and explicitly credited to the Consignment Account.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the accounting treatment of normal loss.
Normal loss is inherent and unavoidable. It requires no journal entry crediting the Consignment Account. Instead, the cost per unit of remaining good units is recalculated using the formula: Total Cost / (Total Units - Normal Loss Units).
To ensure the remaining inventory absorbs the cost of natural and expected loss.
2
Analyze the accounting treatment of abnormal loss.
Abnormal loss is accidental and avoidable. Its valuation equals: Cost of lost units + Proportional consignor expenses + Proportional consignee non-recurring expenses prior to loss. This value is credited to the Consignment Account.
To prevent extraordinary losses from distorting the true operating profit or loss of the consignment.
3
Evaluate the statement.
The statement correctly contrasts the crediting of abnormal loss with the cost-absorption mechanism of normal loss.
Both components accurately state standard financial accounting rules for consignment transactions.

Key Concept

Treatment of Normal and Abnormal Losses in Consignment
Question 71Question

Adeola dispatched 400400 bags of rice costing 25,000\text{₦}25,000 per bag to Musa on consignment. Adeola paid freight of 500,000\text{₦}500,000 and transit insurance of 300,000\text{₦}300,000. Upon receiving the goods, Musa paid clearing charges of 200,000\text{₦}200,000, godown rent of 150,000\text{₦}150,000, and sales promotion expenses of 100,000\text{₦}100,000. At the end of the trading period, Musa had sold 300300 bags of rice.

Calculate the total value of the unsold consignment stock in Naira (\text{₦}).

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2750000

Answer

The total value of the unsold consignment stock is ₦2,750,000.
The total value of unsold consignment stock is calculated as the basic cost of the unsold 100 bags (₦2,500,000), plus 25% of the consignor's total freight and insurance expenses (₦200,000), plus 25% of the consignee's direct non-recurring clearing charges (₦50,000). This yields ₦2,750,000. Recurring expenses like godown rent and sales promotion are excluded.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the quantity of unsold stock and the proportion remaining.
Unsold bags = 400300=100400 - 300 = 100 bags. Proportion unsold = 100400=14\frac{100}{400} = \frac{1}{4} or 25%25\%.
Stock valuation is performed on the remaining inventory at the close of the period.
2
Calculate the basic cost price of the unsold stock.
Basic cost = 100 bags×25,000=2,500,000100 \text{ bags} \times \text{₦}25,000 = \text{₦}2,500,000.
Unsold inventory is initially measured at its original purchase cost.
3
Calculate the proportionate share of the consignor's non-recurring expenses.
Consignor expenses share = 14×(500,000+300,000)=200,000\frac{1}{4} \times (\text{₦}500,000 + \text{₦}300,000) = \text{₦}200,000.
All freight and insurance costs incurred by the consignor to ship goods are direct non-recurring expenses and must be capitalized into inventory value.
4
Identify and add the proportionate share of consignee's direct non-recurring expenses.
Consignee non-recurring share = 14×200,000=50,000\frac{1}{4} \times \text{₦}200,000 = \text{₦}50,000.
Clearing charges are direct non-recurring costs required to bring goods into the consignee's possession. Godown rent (₦150,000) and sales promotion (₦100,000) are recurring selling costs and are excluded.
5
Sum the basic cost and all proportionate direct non-recurring expenses.
Total valuation = 2,500,000+200,000+50,000=2,750,000\text{₦}2,500,000 + \text{₦}200,000 + \text{₦}50,000 = \text{₦}2,750,000.
Unsold stock is valued at cost plus proportionate non-recurring expenses incurred in bringing the goods to their present location.

Key Concept

Valuation and Accounting Treatment of Unsold Consignment Stock
Question 72Question

Adeleke Traders consigned 300300 boxes of merchandise costing 8,000\text{₦}8,000 per box to Danjuma & Sons. Adeleke Traders paid 120,000\text{₦}120,000 for freight and transit insurance. Danjuma & Sons paid landing charges of 60,000\text{₦}60,000 and warehouse rent of 40,000\text{₦}40,000. Danjuma & Sons sold 240240 boxes at 12,000\text{₦}12,000 per box and earned an ordinary commission of 5%5\% and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on total sales. A credit customer defaulted, creating a bad debt of 35,000\text{₦}35,000. Before sales commenced, Danjuma & Sons had remitted a cash advance of 500,000\text{₦}500,000. What is the net amount (in ��\text{��}) remitted by Danjuma & Sons to settle their account in Adeleke Traders' ledger?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 2064000

Answer

The net amount remitted by Danjuma & Sons to settle the consignee ledger account is ₦2,064,000.
In the consignor's books, the Consignee Personal Account is debited with gross sales proceeds (₦2,880,000) and credited with advance payments (₦500,000), expenses paid by the consignee (₦100,000), and commissions earned (₦216,000). Because a del-credere commission was granted, bad debts of ₦35,000 are borne by the consignee and excluded from this ledger account. The resulting credit balance cleared by bank draft is ₦2,064,000.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate the gross sales revenue credited to the Consignee Account
₦2,880,000
The consignee is debited with the total proceeds realized from selling 240 boxes at ₦12,000 each.
2
Calculate total commission entitlement (ordinary plus del-credere)
₦216,000
Ordinary commission (5%) = ₦144,000; Del-credere commission (2.5%) = ₦72,000. Total = ₦216,000.
3
Sum expenses incurred by the consignee
₦100,000
Landing charges (₦60,000) and warehouse rent (₦40,000) paid by Danjuma & Sons are recoverable from the consignor.
4
Apply del-credere accounting rule for bad debts
Bad debt of ₦35,000 is ignored in consignor's ledger
Del-credere commission transfers credit default risks to the consignee; thus, bad debts are not credited to the Consignee Account.
5
Deduct advance payment, consignee expenses, and commission from gross sales
₦2,064,000
Net Remittance = Gross Sales (₦2,880,000) - Advance (₦500,000) - Consignee Expenses (₦100,000) - Commission (₦216,000) = ₦2,064,000.

Key Concept

Preparation of Consignee Personal Account under Del-Credere Commission Agreement
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 73Question

Match each consignment ledger account or balance in the consignor's books on the left with its correct closing treatment or financial statement presentation on the right:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Goods Sent on Consignment Account closing balance
Consignment Account credit balance (credit exceeds debit)
Consignment Stock Account balance at year-end
Consignee's Personal Account debit balance after sales settlement

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Matching pairs: Goods Sent on Consignment Account closing balance → Transferred to the Trading Account (or Purchases Account); Consignment Account credit balance → Transferred to the General Profit and Loss Account as profit on consignment; Consignment Stock Account balance at year-end → Included as a current asset in the consignor's Balance Sheet; Consignee's Personal Account debit balance → Reported as an amount due from agent under current assets in the consignor's Balance Sheet.
Each ledger balance in the consignor's books has a distinct year-end accounting treatment: Goods Sent on Consignment is closed to Trading Account; net consignment profit goes to General Profit & Loss; unsold consignment stock is a current asset; and any unpaid balance on the consignee's personal account is a current asset receivable.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the end-of-period disposition of Goods Sent on Consignment.
The balance is transferred to the Trading Account (or Purchases Account).
Since goods dispatched on consignment are taken out of general inventory, transferring the amount to Trading Account adjusts total purchases/cost of goods available for home sales.
2
Determine the disposition of the net outcome of the Consignment Account.
A credit excess represents profit and is transferred to the General Profit and Loss Account.
The Consignment Account is a nominal account designed to calculate net profit or loss on a specific consignment venture.
3
Identify the presentation of unsold consignment stock.
Carried as a current asset on the consignor's Balance Sheet.
Title to unsold goods remains with the consignor, so unsold stock is part of the consignor's closing inventory.
4
Identify the balance sheet treatment of the Consignee's Personal Account balance.
Reflected as a receivable under current assets.
A debit balance signifies net sales revenue collected by the agent that has not yet been remitted to the consignor.

Key Concept

Final accounting treatment and financial statement presentation of consignment ledger accounts in consignor's books
Question 74Question

Babatunde Ventures consigned 200200 cases of goods costing 5,000\text{₦}5,000 per case to Kemi & Sons. Babatunde Ventures paid 50,000\text{₦}50,000 for freight and transit insurance. Kemi & Sons sold 150150 cases for 8,000\text{₦}8,000 per case, incurring selling expenses of 30,000\text{₦}30,000. Kemi & Sons are entitled to an ordinary commission of 5%5\% and a del-credere commission of 2.5%2.5\% on total sales. During the period, a credit customer defaulted, resulting in a bad debt of 20,000\text{₦}20,000. What is the net amount due to Babatunde Ventures from Kemi & Sons?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1,080,000\text{₦}1,080,000

Answer

The net amount due from Kemi & Sons to Babatunde Ventures is 1,080,000\text{₦}1,080,000.
In the consignor's books, the Consignee Personal Account is debited with the total sales proceeds of 1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000 (150×8,000150 \times \text{₦}8,000) and credited with allowable deductions, which include the consignee's expenses of 30,000\text{₦}30,000 and total commission of 90,000\text{₦}90,000 (7.5%7.5\% of 1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000). Since the consignee earns a del-credere commission, any bad debt is borne by the consignee and is not credited to their account in the consignor's ledger. Subtracting total deductions of 120,000\text{₦}120,000 from 1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000 leaves a net balance of 1,080,000\text{₦}1,080,000 due from the consignee.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Calculate total sales proceeds collected by the consignee
Total Sales = 150 cases×8,000=1,200,000150 \text{ cases} \times \text{₦}8,000 = \text{₦}1,200,000
The consignee's personal account in the consignor's ledger is debited with the total gross sales.
2
Calculate total commission payable to the consignee
Ordinary Commission = 5%×1,200,000=60,0005\% \times \text{₦}1,200,000 = \text{₦}60,000; Del-Credere Commission = 2.5%×1,200,000=30,0002.5\% \times \text{₦}1,200,000 = \text{₦}30,000; Total Commission = 90,000\text{₦}90,000
Both ordinary and del-credere commissions are credited to the consignee's account as allowable deductions from sales proceeds.
3
Determine the treatment of bad debts and calculate net balance
Net Amount Due = Total Sales (1,200,000\text{₦}1,200,000) - Expenses (30,000\text{₦}30,000) - Total Commission (90,000\text{₦}90,000) = 1,080,000\text{₦}1,080,000
Because del-credere commission is paid, credit losses (bad debts of 20,000\text{₦}20,000) are borne entirely by the consignee and do not affect the consignor's ledger balance.

Key Concept

Preparation of Consignee Account and Accounting Treatment of Del-Credere Commission
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