Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages

27 questions

Question 1Question

Read the following extract carefully:

"For three decades, Mama Nkechi guarded the rusted iron chest beneath her bed, refusing to let even her children sweep near it. When rumor spread that the government was acquiring the ancestral land for a rail line, she did not weep or protest alongside her neighbors. Instead, she retrieved the chest, unlocked it with a key hidden inside her prayer beads, and quietly burnt every document inside before taking a single cup of cold water to bed."

From the actions of Mama Nkechi in the passage, what can be logically deduced about her relationship with the ancestral land?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Her connection to the land involved a secret she prioritized permanently destroying over preserving her family's claim.

Answer

Her connection to the land involved a secret she prioritized permanently destroying over preserving her family's claim.
The passage highlights that Mama Nkechi guarded the chest for decades and used the news of the land acquisition as a trigger to destroy its contents rather than defend the property. This indicates that her primary objective was ensuring the secrets within those documents were destroyed forever.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze character behavior and sequence of events in the extract.
Mama Nkechi protected an iron chest for thirty years, but immediately destroyed its contents (documents) upon learning of the land acquisition.
Character actions in prose extracts provide implicit clues regarding underlying motives.
2
Evaluate the implied relationship between the documents, the land, and her reaction.
Her calm destruction of the documents while others protested indicates that concealing what was inside the chest took precedence over defending ownership of the land.
Deduction requires combining stated facts to arrive at a necessary logical conclusion.

Key Concept

Drawing Deductions from Character Actions in Unseen Prose
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 2Question

Read the extract below carefully:

"Every evening after closing his shop, Pa Jeremiah would stand by the old cocoa tree, staring quietly down the winding road toward the county town. He never spoke to the passersby who greeted him, nor did he light his pipe until the sun completely vanished beneath the horizon. When his granddaughter asked why he stood there every dusk, he simply rubbed his worn wooden cane and muttered, 'A promise made in youth does not rot with age.'"

What can be inferred about Pa Jeremiah's daily ritual by the cocoa tree?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He is faithfully expecting a person or event connected to a past pledge.

Answer

Pa Jeremiah is faithfully expecting a person or event connected to a past pledge.
The correct answer is derived by connecting Pa Jeremiah's action of gazing down the road with his statement that a promise made in youth does not rot with age. This combination implicitly reveals that his daily waiting is motivated by an expectation tied to a past commitment.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the character's repeated actions and setting in the extract.
Pa Jeremiah stands by the cocoa tree every evening gazing intently down the road.
Observing consistent behavioral routines helps identify clues about a character's underlying purpose.
2
Examine the character's spoken words for deeper motivation.
He remarks that 'A promise made in youth does not rot with age.'
Dialogue in prose extracts often contains key evidence regarding internal feelings and intentions.
3
Deduce the logical link between the action and the statement.
Combining his focus on the road with his reference to an enduring promise leads to the deduction that he is awaiting the fulfillment of a long-standing commitment.
A valid inference synthesizes literal details to uncover unstated meanings without adding unsupported assumptions.

Key Concept

Drawing inferences from character actions and spoken dialogue in unseen passages
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 3Question

Read the dramatic extract below carefully:

BOMA: Look at the ledger again, Uncle! The figures for the palm oil shipments do not match the receipts from the port inspector.
DAPO: (Closing the book slowly) Some numbers, my boy, are like shadows—they lengthen or shrink depending on where the sun stands.
BOMA: But the auditor arrives tomorrow from Lagos!
DAPO: Then we shall ensure the sun is at noon when he looks at them. Now, light the lantern and call no one.

What can be inferred about Dapo's intention regarding the upcoming audit?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He intends to conceal the financial discrepancies through deliberate manipulation before the auditor arrives.

Answer

Dapo intends to conceal the financial discrepancies through deliberate manipulation before the auditor arrives.
The correct answer is derived from Dapo's evasive comparison of numbers to shadows and his urgent, secretive command to light the lantern and call no one before the auditor's arrival. These details implicitly point to a covert plan to adjust the ledger figures overnight.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core problem established in the dialogue.
Boma identifies a clear mismatch between the palm oil shipment ledger figures and official port inspector receipts.
Identifying the conflict is necessary to interpret the character's reaction.
2
Interpret Dapo's figurative language regarding numbers and shadows.
Dapo implies that figures are flexible and can be manipulated or presented in a specific light to obscure the truth.
Understanding the metaphor reveals Dapo's philosophical justification for dishonesty.
3
Deduce Dapo's tactical decision from his closing instructions.
Commanding Boma to light the lantern and keep the matter secret right before the auditor arrives indicates overnight tampering with the records.
Secrecy combined with urgent night work confirms an intent to cover up the discrepancy.

Key Concept

Drawing logical inferences from dramatic dialogue based on implicit contextual evidence and figurative language.
Question 4Question

Read the unseen passage below carefully:

As the final bell echoed through the empty corridors, Mr. Okon stood by his desk, neatly stacking the uncollected report cards. He lingered at Nduka's file, tracing the sharp decline in grades over the last term, right beside the note detailing the boy's recent night shifts at the timber market. Shaking his head softly, Mr. Okon placed a fresh notebook inside Nduka's locker before locking the classroom door.

From the passage above, what can be deduced about Mr. Okon's attitude toward Nduka?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He is compassionate and quietly supportive of Nduka despite his academic decline.

Answer

Mr. Okon is compassionate and quietly supportive of Nduka despite his academic decline.
The correct answer reflects Mr. Okon's empathetic understanding. His soft reaction upon reading about Nduka's night shifts, coupled with leaving a gift of a fresh notebook, directly implies compassion and quiet encouragement rather than resentment or hostility.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the passage for details regarding Mr. Okon's actions and reactions.
Mr. Okon lingers over Nduka's file, reads the note explaining his night shifts at the timber market, shakes his head softly, and places a new notebook in Nduka's locker.
Inferences must be grounded directly in textual details.
2
Deduce the underlying emotional tone and character motivation from these actions.
Connecting the grade drop to heavy nighttime labor shows understanding, and leaving a learning resource (notebook) signifies subtle encouragement.
Actions in literary extracts convey unstated character dispositions and attitudes.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 5Question

Read the extract below carefully:

'The hearth has grown cold in the chief's grand hall,
Where once laughter echoed from wall to wall.
The young warriors gather, their whispers low,
Watching the horizon where shadows grow.
No drums sound the call for the harvest feast,
While crows circle slowly above the east.'

What can be deduced about the current state of the community from the extract?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: The community is experiencing a period of desolation and impending threat.

Answer

The community is experiencing a period of desolation and impending threat.
The correct answer accurately synthesizes the textual evidence. The imagery of a cold hearth, silent drums, whispering warriors, and circling crows collectively implies a mood of desolation, fear, and ominous expectation.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the setting and physical details in the extract.
The 'cold hearth' and absence of laughter/drums indicate a loss of warmth, joy, and traditional celebration.
Establishing the physical contrast between past vitality and present silence provides the groundwork for mood interpretation.
2
Examine the actions and mood of the characters.
Warriors whispering softly while observing 'growing shadows' indicates tense anticipation of trouble rather than festive activity.
Character demeanor reflects the psychological atmosphere of the scene.
3
Synthesize symbolic imagery to draw a conclusion.
Circling crows and gathering shadows serve as literary symbols of death or impending danger.
Combining literal details with symbolic imagery confirms that the community faces desolation and threat.

Key Concept

Inferring implicit mood, condition, and unstated circumstances from poetic imagery and contextual clues.
Question 6Question

Read the unseen prose extract below carefully:

'The village elder stood silently beside the cracked, dusty bed where the river once flowed. For three consecutive seasons, dark clouds had gathered at the horizon only to scatter without dropping a single bead of rain. He stared at the hollow silos near the compound, then turned toward the distant ridges where columns of white smoke rose from neighboring altars.'

Based on the extract above, evaluate whether the following statement is TRUE or FALSE:

The community is experiencing a severe drought that has resulted in a critical food shortage.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

The statement is TRUE.
The passage provides cumulative textual evidence supporting the statement: a dry riverbed, three seasons without rainfall, and empty grain silos directly point to a drought-induced food crisis.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze environmental clues in the text.
The phrases 'cracked, dusty bed where the river once flowed' and 'three consecutive seasons... without dropping a single bead of rain' indicate prolonged lack of rainfall (drought).
Establishing the physical condition of the environment is the first step in drawing an inference about climate.
2
Analyze economic/sustenance clues in the text.
The phrase 'hollow silos' indicates that stored food supplies have been completely exhausted.
Silos are agricultural structures used to store grain; being 'hollow' directly implies empty food reserves.
3
Synthesize clues to deduce the overarching condition.
Combining environmental drought with empty food stores confirms that a severe drought leading to food shortage is occurring.
Valid deductions require connecting multiple implicit details from the passage into a logical conclusion.

Key Concept

Drawing Logical Deductions from Unseen Prose Extracts
Question 7Question

Read the unseen poem extract below carefully:

The old weaver puts down his shuttle at dawn,
His tired eyes fix on the unspun thread;
The loom stands still, the hearth fire is gone,
Yet a gentle smile touches his weary head.

Based on the extract above, is the following statement true or false? "The weaver has completed all of his weaving tasks for the day."

Show answer & explanation

Answer: False

Answer

The statement is False. The extract mentions 'unspun thread', which indicates that the weaver's work is not fully completed.
The deduction is False because the poem explicitly states that thread remains unspun, showing that the weaver's tasks are incomplete.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify key textual evidence regarding the weaver's progress.
The poem specifically mentions 'unspun thread' remaining at the loom.
Checking details about the raw materials helps determine if the task was completed.
2
Deduce whether all weaving tasks are finished based on the evidence.
Since there is still thread left unspun, the weaving tasks are incomplete.
Claiming that all work is completed directly contradicts the presence of unspun thread.

Key Concept

Drawing logical inferences about character actions and task completion from implicit textual clues
Question 8Question

Read the unseen prose extract below carefully:

The ink on the eviction notice had long dried, but Mama Tare remained seated by the window, rhythmically polishing her father's brass clock. Every time the heavy boots of the bailiffs resounded in the courtyard below, she did not look up; instead, she wound the clock's key half a turn tighter. Outside, her neighbors shouted in protest, but inside the small room, only the rhythmic ticking answered the commotion.

What can be deduced about Mama Tare's attitude toward the impending eviction?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: She conceals her inner distress behind a façade of quiet ritual and stoic control.

Answer

Mama Tare conceals her inner distress behind a façade of quiet ritual and stoic control.
The passage shows Mama Tare reacting to the bailiffs' arrival by tightening the clock key rather than looking up. This repetitive, deliberate routine in a quiet room amidst external turmoil highlights a stoic attempt to manage inner stress and retain self-control.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the character's subtle behavioral reactions to external stimuli.
Mama Tare winds the clock key tighter each time the bailiffs' footsteps echo below.
In literary extracts, physical habits synchronized with external stressors signal internal psychological states.
2
Analyze the atmospheric contrast created in the passage.
The room remains filled with rhythmic clock ticking despite the chaotic shouting outside.
This sharp contrast emphasizes her deliberate mental withdrawal into a repetitive task to maintain composure.
3
Determine the deduction best grounded in the textual evidence.
Her actions demonstrate stoic coping and suppressed tension rather than ignorance, reliance on others, or bitterness.
Valid literary deductions must strictly rely on implicit passage cues rather than unsupported assumptions.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 9Question

Read the unseen extract below carefully:

'The rusty hinges moaned in protest as the wind threw wide the neglected door. Thick dust danced in rays of afternoon sunlight where feet had treaded long before.'

Based on the extract, it can be logically inferred that the building has experienced a long period of disuse and abandonment.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

True
The deduction is supported directly by textual evidence: 'rusty hinges', 'neglected door', and undisturbed dust imply a prolonged absence of human habitation or care.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key sensory and descriptive details in the passage.
The passage highlights 'rusty hinges', a 'neglected door', and 'thick dust' left undisturbed for a long time.
These physical indicators reflect the state and history of the location.
2
Deduce the unstated condition of the building based on these clues.
The accumulation of rust and undisturbed dust over time indicates the absence of human activity.
Regular presence or maintenance would prevent the door from becoming neglected and rusty.

Key Concept

Drawing logical inferences from descriptive imagery in unseen prose.
Question 10Question

Read the extract below carefully:

CHIEF ADO: The drums of Alaro have fallen silent, yet you urge me to dance to a tune played by shadows?
KALE: Silence is not the absence of sound, my Lord, but the heavy breathing of a storm taking rest.
CHIEF ADO: Then let the storm sleep! A king who stirs a sleeping tempest inherits only ruins.

Statement: Based on the extract, Chief Ado's reluctance to act stems from a conviction that intervening during a precarious lull will trigger widespread devastation.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

The statement is True. Chief Ado's metaphor of stirring a sleeping tempest to inherit ruins directly supports the inference that he avoids action to prevent triggering disastrous consequences.
Chief Ado responds to Kale's assertion that silence is a resting storm by warning that disturbing it brings ruin. This implicitly confirms that his refusal to act is driven by the fear of provoking disaster during a fragile peace.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Chief Ado's opening remark ('The drums of Alaro have fallen silent...') and Kale's metaphor describing silence as a 'storm taking rest'.
Identify that the passage describes a tense, quiet lull in an ongoing conflict.
Establishing the contextual setting is necessary before evaluating character motives.
2
Examine Chief Ado's response ('Then let the storm sleep! A king who stirs a sleeping tempest inherits only ruins').
Deduce Chief Ado's reasoning: disturbing the current quiet ('stirring a sleeping tempest') brings catastrophe ('inherits only ruins').
Determining the implicit cause-and-effect relationship reveals the character's core motivation.
3
Compare the deduction with the given statement.
Confirm that 'intervening during a precarious lull' matches stirring the tempest, and 'trigger widespread devastation' matches inheriting ruins.
Matching textual deductions to the statement validates its truth value.

Key Concept

Deducing character motivation and unstated consequences from dramatic dialogue metaphors
Question 11Question

Read the passage below carefully:

The harbor master folded the telegram thrice before slipping it into his coat pocket. He walked past the eager crowd of merchants waiting on the pier, refusing to meet their eyes. When his assistant handed him the sea forecast, he merely shook his head and ordered the red warning lantern to be hoisted to the top mast.

What can be logically deduced about the harbor master's situation from his actions in the passage?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He has received distressing news regarding maritime danger which he is hesitant to announce directly to the waiting merchants.

Answer

The harbor master has received distressing news regarding maritime danger which he is hesitant to announce directly to the waiting merchants.
The combination of avoiding eye contact with merchants expecting news, hiding the telegram, shaking his head at the sea forecast, and signaling danger via the red lantern logically leads to the deduction that the harbor master received bad news about sea conditions that he is reluctant to break to the crowd.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze character non-verbal cues in the text
Folding the telegram thrice, putting it away, and avoiding eye contact with eager merchants point to troubling information he wishes to conceal or delay speaking aloud.
Character actions in unseen passages convey implicit emotional states and motivations.
2
Synthesize context clues regarding the warning lantern and sea forecast
Shaking his head at the sea forecast and hoisting a red warning lantern confirms that the news pertains to hazardous sea conditions or an impending maritime crisis.
Deductions require linking multiple implicit pieces of evidence within the passage.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 12Question

Read the unseen dramatic extract below carefully:

BIODUN: The ledger shows the harvest was bountiful, yet the silos in the north remain empty. Where did the grain vanish to, Brother?
EFOSA: The rats in the market carry sharp teeth and wear embroidered agbada, Biodun. Ask the merchants who bought new horses this morning.
BIODUN: [Pauses, closing the ledger] Then Father’s signature on the clearance warrant was not signed in light.
EFOSA: He signed it with a barrel pressed against his ribs and a pen dipped in his own sweat.
BIODUN: Then we are not investigating a theft; we are unmasking a siege.

Based on the extract above, what can be deduced about Father's role in authorizing the removal of the grain?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He was forced under armed threat to officially release the grain harvest.

Answer

Father was forced under armed threat to officially release the grain harvest.
The correct answer is derived from Efosa's explanation that Father signed the document 'with a barrel pressed against his ribs', which is a standard literary figure of speech indicating he was held at gunpoint and forced to authorize the release of the grain under severe duress.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the figurative language used by Efosa to describe Father's action.
Efosa states Father signed the warrant 'with a barrel pressed against his ribs'.
The word 'barrel' in this context refers figuratively and metonymically to the barrel of a gun pressed against someone's body.
2
Evaluate the contextual meaning of 'a pen dipped in his own sweat'.
This phrase signifies extreme anxiety, fear, and duress while carrying out an action under threat.
Combining the gun threat with sweat emphasizes terror and coercion rather than voluntary signing or physical labor.
3
Deduce Father's true legal/moral position in the event.
Father was an innocent victim of extortion/coercion who was forced at gunpoint to sign the clearance warrant.
Biodun concludes that they are 'unmasking a siege', confirming that Father was victimized by armed extortionists rather than participating willingly in a theft.

Key Concept

Drawing logical deductions from metaphorical and dramatic expressions in unseen extracts
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 13Question

Read the poem below carefully:

The old blacksmith turns his back on the glowing coals,
His heavy apron cast beside the anvil's base.
Where hammers once rang out like thunderous tolls,
Now silent cobwebs weave across the space.
He sweeps the iron filings from his palm,
And steps into the evening's quiet calm.

Based on the extract above, what can be inferred about the blacksmith's situation?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He is permanently concluding his years of work at the forge.

Answer

The blacksmith is permanently concluding his years of work at the forge.
The inference that the blacksmith is permanently ending his trade is supported by multiple implicit details: casting off his apron, sweeping filings from his palm, and especially the imagery of cobwebs occupying a space where hammers used to ring out. Cobwebs signify long-term abandonment or cessation of activity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze textual clues regarding the setting and actions
The blacksmith casts aside his essential working gear (apron) and cleans his hands of iron filings.
Actions like discarding tools and cleaning hands signify the completion of work.
2
Interpret the image of 'silent cobwebs weave across the space' where hammers once rang
Cobwebs take time to form in places that were previously active and noisy.
This contrast indicates a prolonged period of silence and the end of active blacksmithing.
3
Synthesize the clues to draw a logical deduction
The character is taking his final leave from a long-standing profession rather than taking a momentary break.
Deductions must rely strictly on implied evidence from the text as a whole.

Key Concept

Drawing logical deductions from implicit imagery and narrative details in unseen poetry.
Question 14Question

Read the verse extract below carefully:

"The old fisherman mends his net by dusk,
His calloused hands working without a pause.
He gazes not at the dark, rolling waves,
Nor listens to the tide's familiar roar.
Yet, when a faint lamp flickers on the shore,
He folds his nets and quietly walks home."

Based on the extract above, what can be inferred about the flickering lamp on the shore?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It serves as an expected signal for him to conclude his evening work.

Answer

The flickering lamp on the shore serves as an expected signal for the old fisherman to conclude his evening work.
The extract establishes that the fisherman works routinely until the light appears, at which point he packs his tools and departs for home. This direct cause-and-effect relationship logically implies that the light acts as a pre-arranged or understood signal ending his daily routine.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the action-reaction sequence in the extract.
The fisherman works continuously until the moment the faint lamp flickers on the shore.
Establishing cause and effect helps determine the implied purpose of the lamp.
2
Examine the fisherman's response to the lamp.
Upon seeing the light, he 'folds his nets and quietly walks home' without hesitation.
His calm, immediate compliance reveals that the light is a routine signal for ending his workday.

Key Concept

Drawing logical conclusions from implicit evidence in unseen poetry
Estimated Time:45s
Question 15Question

Read the prose extract below carefully:

"Judge Vane smoothed the hem of his velvet robe and stared past the triumphant defense counsel toward the empty gallery seats. The acquittal was lawful, the evidence insufficient, yet his quill hovered over the official ledger for several minutes before making a single mark. He closed the thick volume with a heavy thud, refusing the congratulations of the court clerk."

Based on the extract above, what can be inferred about Judge Vane's attitude toward the trial's outcome?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He experiences a deep moral disquiet despite the legal correctness of the verdict.

Answer

Judge Vane experiences a deep moral disquiet despite the legal correctness of the verdict.
The correct answer is supported by implicit textual clues: the judge's hesitating quill, heavy closing of the ledger, and rejection of congratulations demonstrate that he feels uneasy about the acquittal even though it was legally necessary.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the explicit details in the passage.
The verdict is an acquittal based on insufficient evidence, which satisfies legal requirements.
Establishing explicit facts helps differentiate direct statements from implicit clues.
2
Examine character actions and physical gestures for implicit meaning.
The judge hesitates with his quill, stares past the victorious defense toward empty seats, closes the book with a heavy thud, and rejects congratulations.
Non-verbal actions in prose reveal unspoken emotional states and inner conflict.
3
Deduce the overall meaning of the contrast between lawfulness and behavior.
The contrast shows that while the judge respects procedural law, he remains troubled or dissatisfied with the moral reality of the outcome.
Drawing an accurate inference requires synthesizing textual evidence with implicit character dispositions.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Question 16Question

Read the unseen dramatic extract below carefully:

EBI: (Tracing the dust on the mantelpiece) Father left the grandfather clock to Nnamdi, though Nnamdi hasn't stepped into this compound since the rainy season of '98.
TENA: (Pausing as she polishes the silver cutlery) And he left you the mahogany writing desk, Ebi—the one with the locked bottom drawer whose key was buried with him.

Based on the extract above, evaluate the truth of the following statement:
It can be deduced from the extract that the father intended for a vital aspect of Ebi's inheritance to remain physically inaccessible.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

True. The father's deliberate act of having the key to the bottom drawer buried with him physically prevents access to the contents of that drawer, demonstrating an intention to keep that portion of the inheritance inaccessible.
The statement is correct because taking the key to the grave is a deliberate action that prevents normal physical access to the contents of the locked bottom drawer of Ebi's desk.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the implicit details regarding Ebi's inheritance in Tena's dialogue.
Ebi inherited a mahogany writing desk that features a locked bottom drawer.
Understanding the specific physical condition of the item inherited is essential to evaluating accessibility.
2
Examine the circumstance surrounding the key to the locked drawer.
The key was buried with the deceased father.
Burial of the key with the owner means no key remains available to unlock the drawer through normal means.
3
Deduce the father's underlying intent behind burying the key with himself.
By taking the key to his grave, the father ensured the contents of the bottom drawer could not be accessed.
This logical inference directly confirms that a part of Ebi's inheritance was intentionally made inaccessible.

Key Concept

Drawing logical deductions from implicit textual evidence and symbolic actions in dramatic literature.
Question 17Question

Read the passage below carefully:

'The surveyor folded the topographical map, pressed his thumb against the damp parchment until the ink smeared over the northern boundary, and handed the roll to his assistant without a word. He looked back once at the sprawling ridge where the ancient baobabs stood, then instructed the team to mark the soil as unfit for cultivation in their official log.'

From the passage, what can be inferred about the surveyor's underlying motivation?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He intends to deliberately obscure details and falsify records regarding the northern land.

Answer

The surveyor intends to deliberately obscure details and falsify records regarding the northern land.
The physical act of smearing ink over the boundary map combined with giving instructions to log the soil as unfit for cultivation demonstrates a calculated attempt to suppress accurate data and fabricate official records.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the surveyor's physical manipulation of the map.
He intentionally presses his thumb onto the wet ink to obliterate the northern boundary lines.
Physical destruction of map details prevents others from seeing the accurate boundary.
2
Evaluate the verbal directive given to the surveying team.
He instructs them to record the soil as unfit for cultivation in the official log.
This instruction creates an official written record that contradicts actual site findings.
3
Synthesize the physical action and verbal directive to deduce intent.
Combining physical obliteration with false documentation proves an intentional effort to deceive.
Logical deduction requires linking both subtle actions to reveal the underlying motive of falsification.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 18Question

Read the unseen passage below carefully:

The archivist carefully turned the brittle parchment of the 1898 ledger. The official log recorded that three crates of brass artifacts were lost during a river transit to Lagos. However, a hasty note scrawled at the bottom of the page read: 'Crates loaded onto the Liverpool vessel at midnight; tell the elders the current swept them away.'

Statement: Based on the passage, it can be deduced that the reported loss of the brass crates in the river was a deliberate cover-up for their secret shipment abroad.

Show answer & explanation

Answer: True

Answer

True. The private note explicitly instructs to fabricate a story about the river sweeping the crates away while secretly shipping them to Liverpool, logically proving a deliberate cover-up.
The statement is supported by textual evidence: the secret note explicitly shows that the brass crates were intentionally sent to Liverpool under the cover of a fabricated story about a river accident.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the official log entry alongside the marginal scrawled note.
The official log claims loss during river transit to Lagos, while the note reveals secret loading onto a Liverpool vessel.
To contrast the public report with the private action.
2
Deduce the purpose of instructing 'tell the elders the current swept them away'.
The instruction confirms an intentional lie meant to conceal the shipment abroad.
To determine whether the river loss was genuine or a cover-up.
3
Evaluate the truth value of the statement based on implicit textual evidence.
The deduction confirms that the statement is factually supported by the passage.
To reach the final true/false conclusion.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Question 19Question

Read the verse extract below carefully:

"The clock-smith wipes the brass casing clean,
Yet leaves the rusted springs untouched within.
He polishes the face to catch the gleam,
While quiet shadows warp the gears within.
A passerby admires the golden chime,
Unaware the pendulum has ceased its time."

From the extract above, what can be deduced about the clock-smith's work?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He prioritizes outward appearance over restoring internal functionality.

Answer

He prioritizes outward appearance over restoring internal functionality.
The extract explicitly contrasts the polished exterior ('wipes the brass casing clean', 'polishes the face') with the neglected interior mechanism ('rusted springs untouched', 'pendulum has ceased its time'). This direct thematic contrast demonstrates that the clock-smith prioritizes cosmetic presentation over actual functional restoration.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify key textual contrasts in the extract.
The speaker contrasts exterior actions ('wipes the brass casing clean', 'polishes the face') with internal neglect ('rusted springs untouched', 'pendulum has ceased its time').
Deductions in literature rely on recognizing how structural contrasts create implied meaning.
2
Synthesize the contrast to establish the main inference.
The clock-smith focuses exclusively on making the timepiece look functional and appealing to outside observers without fixing its core operational mechanism.
Valid inferences must be derived strictly from implicit evidence within the passage.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Question 20Question

Read the prose extract below carefully:

"The village elder unrolled the parchment decree on the wooden table, his finger pausing over the newly affixed red wax seal. Without uttering a word to the waiting assembly, he pulled the oil lamp closer, held the corner of the document over the flame until it caught fire, and tossed the blazing parchment into the iron brazier. He then turned to the messenger and nodded slowly once."

From the elder's deliberate actions, which of the following is the most valid deduction regarding his position on the decree?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: He tacitly rejects the authority of the decree while formally acknowledging the messenger's delivery.

Answer

The elder tacitly rejects the authority of the decree while formally acknowledging the messenger's delivery.
The elder's deliberate burning of the parchment decree publicly signals defiance and rejection of the decree's legal or political authority, while his final solitary nod to the messenger acknowledges that the message was received.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the character's key actions and sequence in the extract.
The elder pauses at the seal, deliberately burns the parchment in the brazier without speaking, and then gives a single nod to the messenger.
In unseen passages, non-verbal actions reveal unspoken attitudes, character motivation, and implicit meaning.
2
Evaluate the implicit meaning of burning the official document in front of the assembly.
Destroying an official decree by fire in public signifies explicit non-compliance and defiance toward the issuing authority.
A decree represents official command; its immediate destruction demonstrates rejection of its terms.
3
Analyze the meaning of the single nod directed to the messenger.
Nodding once to the messenger separates the messenger (the bearer) from the mandate (the message), confirming receipt of delivery.
The nod acknowledges the person delivering the message, contrasting with the destruction of the document itself.

Key Concept

Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Drawing Inferences and Deductions from Unseen Passages Practice Questions — JAMB UTME | Examkin