Question

Read the following passage regarding the history of musical copyright. Based on the passage, match each of the following individuals or groups to the claim that best represents their specific viewpoint.

"In the early twentieth century, the advent of player pianos sparked a fierce legal debate over musical copyright. Traditionalists argued that perforated piano rolls were essentially 'copies' of sheet music, asserting that composers' rights should extend to any physical manifestation of their work. Conversely, manufacturers of player pianos contended that the rolls were merely functional machine parts; because they were incapable of being read by the human eye, the manufacturers argued, the rolls fell outside the statutory definition of a 'writing.' In White-Smith v. Apollo (1908), the Supreme Court sided with the manufacturers, formalizing the 'human readability' requirement. Some modern legal scholars praise this decision, arguing that it prevented a monopoly on new reproductive technologies. However, this praise is somewhat misplaced. While the Court's ruling may have spurred innovation in the short term, it established a rigid technological litmus test that ultimately fractured copyright jurisprudence, leaving courts ill-equipped to handle later innovations like magnetic tape and computer software. The traditionalists, though perhaps overly protective of the status quo, correctly recognized that the essence of a musical composition transcends its visual legibility."