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Question

Difficulty: HardVerb Tense, Aspect, and Mood

Complete the passage with the form of the verb in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence to conform to the conventions of Standard English.

Answer:By the time the European Space Agency’s JUICE spacecraft reaches the Jovian system in 2031, planetary scientists 【will have developed】 (develop) advanced simulation models based on preliminary telescopic observations. These sophisticated models will subsequently assist researchers in analyzing data collected during close flybys of the icy moons Ganymede, Callisto, and Europa.

Answer

will have developed
The correct answer is 'will have developed' because the sentence establishes a future reference point ('By the time the European Space Agency’s JUICE spacecraft reaches the Jovian system in 2031') and describes an action that will be completed prior to that point. The future perfect tense ('will have' followed by the past participle of 'develop') is the standard grammatical structure to convey this sequence.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the temporal clues and clauses in the passage.
The passage begins with the dependent clause 'By the time the European Space Agency’s JUICE spacecraft reaches the Jovian system in 2031', referencing a future event using the present-tense verb 'reaches'.
This establishes a future deadline by which another action must be completed.
2
Select the correct tense to show completion prior to a future time.
The main clause requires the future perfect tense ('will have' plus the past participle of 'develop') to indicate that the simulation models will be completed before the spacecraft arrives.
The future perfect tense ('will have developed') correctly expresses an action that will be completed before a specified future reference point.

Key Concept

Future Perfect Tense
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Topics

Verb Tense, Aspect, and Mood

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