Question

Difficulty: Very hardExplicit and Fact-Based Information Extraction

Read the following passage carefully:

'In October 2025, the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) issued the operational framework for the National Quantum-Safe Cryptography Transition Framework (NQCTF). Under Phase 1 (2025–2028), the framework mandates quantum-resistant algorithmic migration exclusively for Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) entities in banking and telecommunications, while leaving defense communications under the purview of a separate triservice protocol. The framework mandates that 60% of legacy public key infrastructure (PKI) in designated CII sectors must transition by December 2027, funded via a 50% central matching grant for public entities, whereas private CII operators must self-fund their migration completely. Furthermore, private entities that achieve full compliance six months prior to the target deadline are eligible for a 15% tax rebate on hardware procurement, provided they obtain audit certification from the Indian Cyber Crime Coordination Centre (I4C). Financial institutions with total assets below ₹1,000 crore are completely exempt from Phase 1 compliance.'

Based strictly on the information provided in the passage, which of the following statements is correct regarding the National Quantum-Safe Cryptography Transition Framework (NQCTF)?

  1. Public sector entities in the banking and telecommunications CII sectors are provided a 50% central matching grant to transition 60% of their legacy PKI by December 2027.Answer
  2. B
    Private CII operators in telecommunications with total assets under ₹1,000 crore must self-fund 60% of their PKI migration without any Phase 1 exemption.
  3. C
    Defense communication networks must achieve 60% quantum-resistant algorithmic migration by December 2027 under Phase 1 of the NQCTF.
  4. D
    Any private CII entity that completes its PKI transition six months prior to the target deadline automatically receives a 15% tax rebate on hardware procurement.

Answer

Public sector entities in the banking and telecommunications CII sectors are provided a 50% central matching grant to transition 60% of their legacy PKI by December 2027.
The correct answer accurately synthesizes three explicit facts from the passage: (1) Phase 1 targets CII entities in banking and telecommunications, (2) the transition requirement is 60% of legacy PKI by December 2027, and (3) public entities receive a 50% central matching grant for this transition.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Locate the scope and sector coverage for Phase 1 in the passage.
Phase 1 covers Critical Information Infrastructure (CII) entities in banking and telecommunications, excluding defense communications.
Explicit fact verification requires checking sector boundaries before evaluating funding mechanism details.
2
Extract the specific target percentage, deadline, and financial support for public entities.
The target is 60% of legacy PKI by December 2027, backed by a 50% central matching grant for public entities.
Confirms that the public entity funding and deadline match the statement in the correct option precisely.
3
Cross-check explicit exclusions and conditions for distractors.
Defense is under a separate triservice protocol; asset exemption (< ₹1,000 crore) applies to financial institutions; tax rebates require I4C certification.
Ensures all distractors are eliminated based strictly on text modifiers and qualifications.

Key Concept

Explicit and Fact-Based Information Extraction
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