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Difficulty: Very hardHuman and Economic Geography of the World

With reference to global human and economic geography, consider the following statements:

1. In the Demographic Transition Model, Stage 2 (Early Expanding) is marked by a rapid decline in mortality rates while birth rates remain high, resulting in a high rate of natural population increase.
2. The Ruhr region of Germany and the Pittsburgh-Appalachian belt of the United States developed into major heavy industrial centers primarily anchored on extensive coal deposits.
3. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by heavy summer monsoon precipitation that supports large-scale plantation farming of rubber and sugarcane.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 only
  2. 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1, 2 and 3

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 are correct.
The correct answer includes statements 1 and 2 only. Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model features falling death rates and high birth rates, while the Ruhr basin and Pittsburgh region historically expanded around major coal reserves. Statement 3 is wrong because Mediterranean climates feature dry summers and wet winters, specializing in orchard fruits and viticulture rather than tropical plantation crops like sugarcane and rubber.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding demographic transition.
Statement 1 is correct. In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and food supply lower the death rate rapidly while birth rates remain high, causing high population growth.
Accurate application of population geography models.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding industrial location factors.
Statement 2 is correct. Both the Ruhr coalfield in Germany and the Appalachian coalfields in the United States served as primary resource bases for heavy iron and steel industrial agglomerations.
Accurate historical economic geography of heavy manufacturing belts.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding agricultural systems.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Mediterranean agriculture is characterized by mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers. Citrus fruits, olives, and grapes (viticulture) are major crops, whereas rubber and sugarcane are tropical plantation crops requiring high rainfall and temperature.
Distinguishes Mediterranean agricultural climatic constraints from equatorial/tropical crop requirements.

Key Concept

Demographic Transition Theory, Major World Industrial Belts, and Mediterranean Agricultural Systems
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Human and Economic Geography of the World

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