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Difficulty: Very hardInternational Relations, Global Summits, and Multilateral Organizations

With reference to the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA), an international multilateral initiative, consider the following statements:
1. The alliance was jointly launched by India, the United States, and Brazil on the sidelines of the 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi.
2. The three primary initiating member countries collectively account for over 80 percent of global ethanol production.
3. The alliance operates as a specialized administrative organ under the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) with its permanent secretariat located in Vienna.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. Statements 1 and 2 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    Statements 2 and 3 only
  3. C
    Statements 1 and 3 only
  4. D
    Statements 1, 2, and 3

Answer

Statements 1 and 2 only are correct.
The choice selecting 'Statements 1 and 2 only' is correct. The Global Biofuels Alliance was launched during the G20 Leaders' Summit in New Delhi in September 2023 by India, the US, and Brazil. The three founding leaders dominate global biofuel production, accounting for over 85% of world ethanol output. The alliance is an independent initiative rather than an organ under IRENA, and IRENA itself is headquartered in Abu Dhabi, making the third statement false.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the launch and founding members of the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA).
The GBA was officially launched on September 9, 2023, during the 18th G20 Summit in New Delhi by Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi along with leaders of the US and Brazil (among other member nations). Thus, Statement 1 is correct.
Verifying the origin event and lead founding nations of the multilateral alliance.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 concerning the global ethanol production share of the primary initiating nations.
Together, the United States (55%), Brazil (26%), and India (3%) control roughly 85% of world ethanol production and 81% of consumption. Thus, Statement 2 is correct.
Confirming the economic and market capacity data underlying the alliance.
3
Assess Statement 3 regarding organizational affiliation and headquarters location.
GBA is an independent India-led multilateral forum supported by international organizations like the IEA and World Bank, but it is not a subsidiary of IRENA. Furthermore, IRENA's headquarters is in Masdar City, Abu Dhabi (UAE), not Vienna (which houses OPEC and IAEA). Thus, Statement 3 is incorrect.
Detecting institutional misattribution and geographical mismatches.

Key Concept

Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA) founding context, market share metrics, and institutional governance
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Topics

International Relations, Global Summits, and Multilateral Organizations