Question

Read the passage carefully and answer the question that follows:

The systemic transition toward climate-resilient agriculture in semi-arid agrarian economies has increasingly centered on the integration of agroforestry systems into conventional farming landscapes. Historically, agrarian extension models prioritized monocultural production to maximize immediate crop yields, frequently overlooking the long-term ecological costs of soil degradation, groundwater depletion, and biodiversity loss. However, contemporary empirical evaluations demonstrate that multi-layered tree-crop integration enhances microclimate stability, augments soil organic carbon sequestration, and mitigates farm income volatility caused by erratic precipitation patterns. Despite these documented ecological and socioeconomic benefits, the widespread adoption of agroforestry remains constrained by institutional bottlenecks. Ambiguous land tenure frameworks prevent smallholder farmers from securing long-term rights to arboreal resources, while existing credit mechanisms systematically undervalue the multi-year gestation period required for perennial timber and fruit species to yield financial returns. Furthermore, state agricultural subsidies continue to disproportionately favor chemical inputs and water-intensive cash crops, thereby disincentivizing agroecological diversification. Consequently, realizing the full potential of agroforestry requires not merely localized technological interventions, but a comprehensive structural realignment of agrarian land governance, financial credit structures, and public subsidy frameworks to harmonize ecological sustainability with rural livelihood security.

Which of the following statements jointly summarize the author's primary thesis and core recommendation regarding agroforestry?