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Difficulty: MediumExplicit and Fact-Based Information Extraction

Read the passage given below carefully and answer the question that follows:

In May 2026, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) released the Urban Flood Resilience Guidelines for Class-I cities (cities with a population exceeding 100,000). Under these guidelines, municipal corporations are mandated to allocate at least 12% of their annual infrastructure budget toward nature-based drainage solutions, such as permeable pavements and urban wetlands. However, this mandate applies exclusively to coastal cities with an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mm; inland Class-I cities are required to allocate only 7% for similar interventions regardless of rainfall levels. Furthermore, the guidelines stipulate that all project approvals must be processed through an online single-window portal within 45 business days, failing which the proposed municipal funding allocation defaults to automated central scrutiny.

Based on the explicit information provided in the passage, which of the following conditions mandates a municipal corporation to allocate at least 12% of its annual infrastructure budget toward nature-based drainage solutions?

  1. Being a coastal Class-I city with an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mmAnswer
  2. B
    Being any Class-I city with a population exceeding 100,000, regardless of coastal status or rainfall levels
  3. C
    Being an inland Class-I city that receives an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mm
  4. D
    Being a coastal city whose project approvals fail to be processed within 45 business days

Answer

The condition that mandates a 12% budget allocation is being a coastal Class-I city with an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mm.
The passage directly asserts that the 12% budget allocation mandate for nature-based drainage solutions applies exclusively to coastal cities that have an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mm.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target metric in the question stem
The target metric is the mandate requiring at least a 12% allocation of the annual infrastructure budget toward nature-based drainage solutions.
The question specifically asks for the explicit conditions triggering the 12% budget allocation.
2
Locate the 12% budget allocation mandate in the text
The text states that municipal corporations are mandated to allocate at least 12% of their infrastructure budget toward nature-based drainage solutions.
Tracing the exact phrase establishes where the relevant conditions are defined.
3
Extract the specific qualifying conditions limiting the 12% mandate
The text explicitly specifies that 'this mandate applies exclusively to coastal cities with an average annual rainfall exceeding 1,200 mm'.
Explicit fact extraction requires identifying all explicit qualifiers and conditions attached to the statement without adding external assumptions.

Key Concept

Explicit and Fact-Based Information Extraction
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Explicit and Fact-Based Information Extraction

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