Match the historic phases of demographic growth in India listed in List-I with their characteristic population dynamics listed in List-II:
- Phase I (1901–1921)Stagnant population growth characterized by high birth rates coupled with high mortality rates
- Phase II (1921–1951)Steady population growth driven by overall improvements in sanitation and mortality control
- Phase III (1951–1981)Population explosion period due to a steep fall in mortality while fertility remained high
- Phase IV (1981–2011)High population growth accompanied by a gradual decline in crude birth rates
Answer
Phase I (1901–1921) matches with stagnant population growth characterized by high birth and mortality rates; Phase II (1921–1951) matches with steady growth driven by mortality control; Phase III (1951–1981) matches with population explosion resulting from steep mortality decline; and Phase IV (1981–2011) matches with high population growth accompanied by declining crude birth rates.
Each period corresponds accurately to its demographic stage: Phase I (1901–1921) saw high mortality balancing high fertility (stagnant growth). Phase II (1921–1951) marked steady growth following the 1921 Great Divide. Phase III (1951–1981) was the era of population explosion due to falling death rates, and Phase IV (1981–2011) maintained high overall numbers while showing a structural decline in crude birth rates.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Phases of Demographic Growth in India
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