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Difficulty: HardDemography, Population, and Human Settlements in India

Consider the following statements regarding worker classification and demographic workforce trends in India based on the Census of India 2011:

1. A 'Marginal Worker' is defined as a person who worked for less than 183 days (or 6 months) during the reference year.
2. In the 2011 Census, the absolute number of agricultural labourers exceeded the absolute number of cultivators for the first time.
3. The female Work Participation Rate (WPR) in rural areas is significantly higher than the female Work Participation Rate in urban areas.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. A
    1 and 3 only
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. 1, 2 and 3Answer

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements are factually and conceptually accurate according to the Census of India 2011. Marginal workers are defined by work duration under 183 days; agricultural labourers surpassed cultivators for the first time in 2011; and rural female work participation rate significantly exceeds urban female work participation rate.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the definition of Marginal Worker.
Statement 1 is correct.
The Census of India classifies workers into Main Workers (worked 183 days/6 months or more) and Marginal Workers (worked less than 183 days/6 months during the reference year).
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the shift in agricultural workforce composition in Census 2011.
Statement 2 is correct.
In Census 2011, for the first time in post-independence census history, agricultural labourers (144.3 million) outnumbered cultivators (118.7 million), reflecting land fragmentation and rural proletarianization.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding gendered Work Participation Rate (WPR) differences across rural and urban sectors.
Statement 3 is correct.
According to Census 2011, female Work Participation Rate in rural areas was 25.38% compared to 15.35% in urban areas, as primary sector activities absorb a larger proportion of informal female labour in rural India.

Key Concept

Workforce Classification and Demographic Trends in Census of India 2011
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

Demography, Population, and Human Settlements in India

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