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Difficulty: HardState Demographics, Tribes, and Human Development

Consider the following statements regarding tribal demographics and Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) in India:

1. Odisha accounts for the highest number of designated Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PVTGs) among all Indian states.
2. The criteria established for identifying PVTGs include a stagnant or declining population, pre-agricultural level of technology, extremely low literacy, and a subsistence level of economy.
3. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio among the Scheduled Tribe (ST) population in India is higher than the overall national average sex ratio.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1, 2, and 3Answer
  2. B
    1 and 2 only
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1 and 3 only

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
The correct response includes all three statements because each assertion is factually accurate: Odisha hosts 13 of the 75 PVTGs (the highest of any state), the four defined baseline criteria for PVTG categorization match official parameters, and the ST sex ratio of 990 per 1,000 males exceeds the national average of 943.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding PVTG concentration across Indian states.
Statement 1 is correct. Out of the 75 recognized PVTGs in India, Odisha has the highest number (13 groups), followed by Andhra Pradesh/Telangana.
Official Ministry of Tribal Affairs data assigns 13 PVTGs to Odisha.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the identification criteria for PVTGs.
Statement 2 is correct. In 1973, the Dhebar Commission created Primitive Tribal Groups (renamed PVTGs in 2006) based on four specific baseline indicators: pre-agricultural technology, stagnant/declining population, low literacy, and subsistence economy.
These criteria remain the standard baseline for categorizing vulnerable tribal communities.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding Scheduled Tribe sex ratio vs national average in Census 2011.
Statement 3 is correct. The sex ratio for Scheduled Tribes in Census 2011 was 990 females per 1,000 males, whereas the overall national sex ratio of India was 943 females per 1,000 males.
Tribal societies generally exhibit less pronounced gender bias, resulting in a higher female-to-male ratio compared to national figures.

Key Concept

Demographic Profile of Scheduled Tribes and PVTG Classification
Estimated Time:2m 0s
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Topics

State Demographics, Tribes, and Human Development

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