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Difficulty: HardRenewable Energy and Clean Technologies

With reference to clean energy technologies and renewable energy initiatives in India, consider the following statements:

1. Green hydrogen is produced through the electrolysis of water powered by electricity derived entirely from renewable energy sources.
2. Solar Photovoltaic (PV) systems utilize parabolic mirrors to concentrate sunlight, heating a thermal fluid that drives a conventional thermodynamic steam turbine.
3. Component B of the PM-KUSUM scheme supports individual farmers in installing standalone solar-powered agriculture pumps.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

  1. 1 and 3 onlyAnswer
  2. B
    1, 2, and 3
  3. C
    2 and 3 only
  4. D
    1 only

Answer

1 and 3 only
The correct response identifies that statements 1 and 3 are scientifically and factually accurate. Green hydrogen relies strictly on renewable energy electrolysis. Component B of PM-KUSUM focuses on individual standalone solar pumps. In contrast, statement 2 confuses solar photovoltaic technology—which converts light directly to electrical current using semiconductors—with solar thermal/concentrated solar power systems that heat working fluids to drive turbines.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding Green Hydrogen production.
Green Hydrogen is defined as hydrogen generated via water electrolysis using electricity produced from renewable sources (such as solar or wind), resulting in zero carbon emissions during generation. Thus, Statement 1 is correct.
Verify technical definition under National Green Hydrogen Mission guidelines.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding Solar Photovoltaic technology.
Photovoltaic cells directly convert solar photon energy into electricity using semiconductor materials through the photoelectric effect. The use of mirrors to heat working fluids to drive steam turbines describes Concentrated Solar Thermal Power (CSP), not PV cells. Thus, Statement 2 is incorrect.
Distinguish between direct semiconductor conversion (PV) and thermal thermodynamic cycles (CSP).
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding PM-KUSUM Scheme components.
PM-KUSUM consists of three components: Component A (small solar power plants), Component B (installation of standalone solar agricultural pumps), and Component C (solarization of grid-connected agricultural pumps). Thus, Statement 3 is correct.
Verify policy features of the PM-KUSUM national solar scheme.

Key Concept

Working principles of Solar PV versus Concentrated Solar Power, definition of Green Hydrogen, and provisions of the PM-KUSUM scheme
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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Topics

Renewable Energy and Clean Technologies

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