Safety matches rely on specific chemical formulations on both the match head and the striking surface to ensure controlled ignition. Which of the following statements regarding the chemical composition and functions of components in safety matches are correct?
- Potassium chlorate () is present in the match head to serve as an oxidizing agent that decomposes to supply oxygen during friction.Answer
- The striking surface of a safety matchbox contains red phosphorus, which undergoes friction-induced conversion to ignite the match.Answer
- Antimony trisulfide () is incorporated into the match head to function as a combustible fuel.Answer
- DWhite phosphorus is applied directly to the striking surface of modern safety matches because of its chemical stability and non-toxic nature.
Answer
The correct statements are those identifying potassium chlorate as the oxidizing agent in the match head, red phosphorus on the striking strip as the ignition initiator, and antimony trisulfide as the fuel in the match head.
The statements correctly identify that potassium chlorate acts as an oxidizing agent in the match head, antimony trisulfide functions as the fuel in the head, and red phosphorus on the striking surface initiates combustion via friction-induced heat.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Chemical Composition and Reaction Dynamics of Safety Matches