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Question

Difficulty: MediumInternational Relations, Global Summits, and Multilateral Organizations

Match the multilateral agreements and initiatives in List-I with their primary subject matter or core objective in List-II:

  • Kigali AmendmentPhase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)
  • Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity FrameworkTargeting the protection of 30% of terrestrial, inland water, and coastal/marine areas by 2030
  • High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement)Conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction
  • Ashgabat AgreementEstablishment of an international transport and transit corridor facilitating connectivity between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf

Answer

The correct pairings are: Kigali Amendment matches Phase-down of hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs); Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework matches Protecting 30% of land and marine areas by 2030; High Seas Treaty matches Conservation of marine biological diversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction; Ashgabat Agreement matches Establishment of an international transport and transit corridor connecting Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.
Each agreement matches its specific mandate: the Kigali Amendment regulates HFC reduction; the Kunming-Montreal Framework establishes the 30x30 conservation target; the High Seas Treaty covers marine conservation in waters beyond national jurisdiction; and the Ashgabat Agreement facilitates transit corridors between Central Asia and the Persian Gulf.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the primary objective of the Kigali Amendment.
It amends the Montreal Protocol to expand its mandate to regulate and gradually phase down climate-impacting Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).
Linking international environmental protocols to their targeted pollutants.
2
Analyze the core objective of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
Adopted under the UN Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), its signature commitment is the '30x30' conservation target by 2030.
Identifying global biodiversity goals set during major environmental summits.
3
Determine the scope of the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ).
It addresses ocean governance and marine genetic resource management specifically in international waters beyond national jurisdictions.
Associating maritime treaties under UNCLOS with their jurisdictional domains.
4
Identify the geographical focus of the Ashgabat Agreement.
It creates an international trade corridor connecting Central Asian countries with ports in the Persian Gulf.
Recognizing regional connectivity agreements and trade routes.

Key Concept

Multilateral Accords, Global Environmental Conventions, and International Transport Corridors
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Topics

International Relations, Global Summits, and Multilateral Organizations