Read the following passage carefully:
"The transition toward decentralized municipal waste management in rapidly expanding secondary cities has generated significant debate among urban planners. While centralized waste-to-energy plants promise large-scale disposal efficiency, they often fail due to segregated waste supply deficits and high operational costs. Conversely, community-led composting and neighborhood segregation models demonstrate superior ecological sustainability and local employment generation. However, scaling these decentralized initiatives requires sustained civic engagement, administrative support, and transparent fiscal transfers to local bodies—elements that remain notoriously inconsistent across municipal administration. Rather than viewing community initiatives as absolute replacements for municipal infrastructure, administrators should integrate public-private-community partnerships into a hybrid governance framework. A rigid top-down approach risks marginalizing local informal waste pickers, while an entirely uncoordinated decentralized effort struggles with spatial capacity limits in high-density zones. Therefore, policy design must adopt a nuanced, context-specific strategy that balances institutional oversight with grassroots participation."
Based on the passage provided, which of the following statements correctly describe the author's attitude and writing style toward municipal waste management solutions?
- The author maintains a pragmatic and balanced stance, advocating for a hybrid governance model rather than relying exclusively on centralized or decentralized approaches.Answer
- The author employs an analytical and constructive writing style, systematically weighing the strengths and operational challenges of both top-down and grassroots strategies.Answer
- CThe author exhibits a vehemently hostile attitude toward municipal administrators, condemning all public intervention as inherently corrupt.
- DThe author displays an unconditionally optimistic tone toward waste-to-energy technology, presenting it as the sole flaw-free solution.