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Current Affairs and General Awareness

369 questions

All types369Multiple choice188Multiple select62Matching81Ordering38
Question 221Question →

Arrange the following major international and national multi-sport events in chronological order based on the year of their inaugural edition, from the earliest to the most recent.

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to most recent is: Modern Summer Olympic Games (1896), Commonwealth Games (1930), Asian Games (1951), and Khelo India Youth Games (2018).
The correct sequence follows the founding dates of each event: the Modern Summer Olympic Games were first held in 1896, the Commonwealth Games in 1930, the Asian Games in 1951, and the Khelo India Youth Games in 2018.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the inaugural year for each multi-sport competition.
Modern Summer Olympic Games (1896), Commonwealth Games (1930), Asian Games (1951), Khelo India Youth Games (2018).
Establishing accurate historical inception years is necessary to order the events.
2
Order the events chronologically from earliest year to latest year.
1896 → 1930 → 1951 → 2018.
Sorting the dates places the Olympic Games first, followed by the Commonwealth Games, Asian Games, and Khelo India Youth Games.

Key Concept

Inaugural Chronology of Major Multi-Sport Events
Question 222Question →

In January 2024, the Government of India officially constituted the 16th Finance Commission under Article 280 of the Constitution. Who among the following was appointed as the Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Dr. Arvind Panagariya

Answer

Dr. Arvind Panagariya
Dr. Arvind Panagariya was officially notified as the Chairman of the 16th Finance Commission by the Ministry of Finance, Government of India. He previously served as the first Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog from 2015 to 2017.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the constitutional body and appointment described in the stem.
The question specifies the 16th Finance Commission of India, constituted under Article 280 of the Indian Constitution.
The Finance Commission is tasked with making recommendations regarding tax devolution between the Union and the States.
2
Match the commission term with the designated Chairperson.
Dr. Arvind Panagariya, former Vice-Chairman of NITI Aayog, was appointed by the President of India to head the 16th Finance Commission.
Differentiating between the leadership of sequential commissions avoids confusing previous chairs with current officeholders.

Key Concept

Appointments to Constitutional Bodies in India
Question 223Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the 'PM-PRANAM' (Programme for Restoration, Awareness, Nourishment and Amelioration of Mother Earth) scheme launched as part of recent Union Budget initiatives:

1. It aims to incentivise States and Union Territories to promote alternative fertilizers and the balanced use of chemical fertilizers.
2. The scheme operates with a separate dedicated budgetary allocation created through fresh revenue expenditure.
3. Fifty percent of the fertilizer subsidy savings passed on to States can be used for asset creation and village-level green initiatives.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 3 only

Answer

The correct combination is '1 and 3 only'.
Statements 1 and 3 are correct. The PM-PRANAM initiative focuses on promoting alternative fertilizers and balanced soil nutrition. It operates without a separate budget line item, using savings from chemical fertilizer subsidies to grant funds to States, half of which must go toward asset creation and village-level development.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the objective of PM-PRANAM.
Statement 1 is correct.
PM-PRANAM was introduced to promote organic and alternative fertilizers while encouraging balanced application of chemical fertilizers across agricultural sectors.
2
Analyze Statement 2 regarding the budgetary financing mechanism.
Statement 2 is incorrect.
The scheme has no separate budgetary allocation from the Union Budget. Instead, it is funded through the savings generated by reducing chemical fertilizer consumption under existing subsidy mechanisms.
3
Analyze Statement 3 regarding the utilization of subsidy savings.
Statement 3 is correct.
Fifty percent of the subsidy savings passed to the State/UT as a grant can be used for asset creation, technological innovation, and incentivising panchayats/farmers.

Key Concept

Financing structure and objectives of the PM-PRANAM scheme in Union Budget announcements.
Question 224Question →

Arrange the following major global climate initiatives and environmental pacts in chronological order of their launch or adoption, from earliest to latest:

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: 1) Adoption of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol (October 2016), 2) Launch of the Global Methane Pledge at COP26 (November 2021), 3) Launch of the Global Biofuels Alliance at the G20 Summit (September 2023), and 4) Formal operationalization of the Loss and Damage Fund at COP28 (November 2023).
The events in correct chronological order are: First, the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol was adopted in October 2016; second, the Global Methane Pledge was launched at COP26 in November 2021; third, the Global Biofuels Alliance was established at the New Delhi G20 Summit in September 2023; and fourth, the Loss and Damage Fund was operationalized on the opening day of COP28 in November 2023.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the adoption date of the Kigali Amendment to the Montreal Protocol.
The Kigali Amendment was adopted in October 2016 to phase down potent greenhouse gases (HFCs).
Establishes the baseline timeline point for international climate policy under the Montreal Protocol framework.
2
Determine the launch date of the Global Methane Pledge.
The Global Methane Pledge was announced prior to and formally launched during UNFCCC COP26 in Glasgow in November 2021.
Marks the global focus on short-lived climate pollutants at the Glasgow summit.
3
Determine the timeline of the Global Biofuels Alliance (GBA).
The GBA was launched by India alongside leaders of 7 other countries on September 9, 2023, during the G20 Summit in New Delhi.
Establishes the milestone prior to the COP28 UN summit later that year.
4
Determine the date of the Loss and Damage Fund operationalization at COP28.
Delegates reached a historic agreement to operationalize the Loss and Damage Fund on November 30, 2023, at COP28 in Dubai.
Places this landmark event at the end of the chronological sequence.

Key Concept

Chronology of Global Environmental Treaties, Climate Declarations, and Multilateral Initiatives
Question 225Question →

Arrange the following National Sports Awards of India in chronological order based on the year of their institution/establishment, from the earliest to the most recent.

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence of institution for these National Sports Awards from earliest to latest is: Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy (1956–57) → Arjuna Award (1961) → Dronacharya Award (1985) → Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (1991–92) → Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games (2002).
The correct chronological arrangement from earliest to most recent establishment is Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy (1956–57), Arjuna Award (1961), Dronacharya Award (1985), Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award (1991–92), and Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games (2002).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the establishment year of the Maulana Abul Kalam Azad (MAKA) Trophy.
Instituted in 1956–1957.
It is the oldest among India's major national sports awards, presented to the top-performing university.
2
Determine the establishment year of the Arjuna Award.
Instituted in 1961.
It was introduced as the flagship honor for individual sportspersons.
3
Identify the establishment year of the Dronacharya Award.
Instituted in 1985.
It was instituted specifically to honor outstanding sports coaches.
4
Identify the establishment year of the Major Dhyan Chand Khel Ratna Award.
Instituted in 1991–1992.
Originally named the Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna, it was established as the highest honor for spectacular individual/team sporting achievements.
5
Determine the establishment year of the Dhyan Chand Award for Lifetime Achievement in Sports and Games.
Instituted in 2002.
It was created to honor veteran athletes for lifelong contributions to sports.

Key Concept

Historical evolution and institutional timeline of National Sports Awards in India.
Question 226Question →

Which of the following statements regarding the revenue and capital accounting framework of the Union Budget in India are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: Grants-in-aid provided by the Central Government to States for the creation of capital assets are classified under Revenue Expenditure.; Interest payments made by the Central Government on past debt obligations form a part of Revenue Expenditure.

Answer

The correct statements are that grants-in-aid provided to States for capital asset creation are categorized under Revenue Expenditure, and interest payments on government debt are classified under Revenue Expenditure.
Grants-in-aid to states (even if intended for capital asset creation) are treated as revenue expenditure because the central government does not hold ownership of the resulting asset. Interest payments represent recurring debt maintenance outlays without changing total principal debt liabilities, making them revenue expenditure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the accounting treatment of Grants-in-aid to States.
Under Indian budget accounting, grants-in-aid to states do not directly create assets owned by the central government, so they are classified under Revenue Expenditure.
According to fiscal rules, asset creation by end recipients does not alter the accounting classification at the central transfer stage, which remains a revenue outlay.
2
Examine the classification of Disinvestment Proceeds.
Disinvestment involves liquidating equity holdings, so proceeds are non-debt capital receipts.
Receipts that reduce financial assets or create liabilities fall under Capital Receipts.
3
Determine the expenditure class for Interest Payments.
Interest servicing is a regular debt servicing outlay that does not reduce principal liability or create assets.
Recurring operational liabilities without asset creation are classified as Revenue Expenditure.
4
Analyze Loans and Advances disbursed to States.
Loans disbursed yield future repayments, creating a financial asset for the Union Government.
Transactions leading to asset creation or financial claims are classified as Capital Expenditure.

Key Concept

Revenue versus Capital Accounts in the Union Budget
Question 227Question →

With reference to major international awards and honors announced in 2024, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: Riken Yamamoto of Japan was named the laureate of the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize in recognition of his community-focused architectural design philosophy.; Dr. Cary Fowler and Dr. Geoffrey Hawtin were jointly awarded the 2024 World Food Prize for their pivotal role in establishing the Svalbard Global Seed Vault to preserve crop diversity.

Answer

The correct statements are the statement regarding Riken Yamamoto receiving the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize and the statement regarding Dr. Cary Fowler and Dr. Geoffrey Hawtin receiving the 2024 World Food Prize.
The correct statements correctly identify Riken Yamamoto as the recipient of the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize for community-oriented architecture, and Dr. Cary Fowler alongside Dr. Geoffrey Hawtin as joint recipients of the 2024 World Food Prize for global seed preservation efforts.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate the statement concerning the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize laureate.
The statement is accurate as Japanese architect Riken Yamamoto was honored with the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize for his social and community-centric architecture.
Verifying the field and recipient of the 2024 Pritzker Architecture Prize.
2
Evaluate the statement regarding the 2024 Abel Prize recipient.
The statement misattributes the mathematical domain; French mathematician Michel Talagrand was recognized for probability theory, concentration of measure, and stochastic processes.
Confirming the citation details for the Abel Prize 2024.
3
Evaluate the statement about the 2024 World Food Prize winners.
The statement is accurate as Dr. Cary Fowler and Dr. Geoffrey Hawtin shared the 2024 prize for safeguarding global crop biodiversity through the Svalbard Global Seed Vault.
Cross-checking the key contributors and institutional background of the World Food Prize.
4
Evaluate the statement regarding the 2024 Goldman Environmental Prize for Asia.
The statement confuses the recipient; Alok Shukla of India received the Asian regional award for conserving Hasdeo Arand forests.
Checking the geographical category and laureate details for the Goldman Environmental Prize.

Key Concept

International Awards, Laureates, and Recognized Achievements in 2024
Question 228Question →

During the 37th National Games of India held in Goa, which sports contingent won the prestigious Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy for emerging as the overall champion in the medal tally?

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Answer: Maharashtra

Answer

Maharashtra won the Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy as the overall champion of the 37th National Games held in Goa.
Maharashtra won the Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy at the 37th National Games in Goa by securing the highest number of gold medals (80) and total medals (228), breaking the long-standing reign of the Services contingent.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the criteria for awarding the Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy in Indian domestic sports.
The trophy is presented to the state/contingent that tops the overall medal tally at the National Games of India.
Understanding the specific designation of national sports trophies is essential for state-level general studies assessments.
2
Analyze the final standings of the 37th National Games held in Goa.
Maharashtra topped the tally with 80 Gold, 69 Silver, and 79 Bronze medals (total 228 medals), displacing the long-reigning Services Sports Control Board.
Verifying exact facts and edition records distinguishes the winner from runners-up.

Key Concept

Raja Bhalindra Singh Trophy and National Games Champions
Question 229Question →

With reference to the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on Climate Finance finalized under the United Nations Climate Change Conference framework, consider the following statements:

1. It replaces the earlier target of mobilizing 100billionperyearbydevelopednationsthatwasoriginallyagreeduponatCOP15inCopenhagen.2.Itestablishesafinancialtargetfordevelopedcountriestoleadinmobilizingatleast100 billion per year by developed nations that was originally agreed upon at COP15 in Copenhagen. 2. It establishes a financial target for developed countries to lead in mobilizing at least 300 billion annually by 2035 for climate action in developing nations.
3. The goal and its implementation framework are governed exclusively by the International Monetary Fund (IMF) without oversight from the UNFCCC Conference of the Parties.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

1 and 2 only
The statements asserting that NCQG replaces the earlier 100billionannualCopenhagencommitmentandsetsatargetofmobilizingatleast100 billion annual Copenhagen commitment and sets a target of mobilizing at least 300 billion annually by 2035 led by developed nations are accurate. The assertion claiming exclusive governance by the IMF is false because the mechanism functions under the UNFCCC Paris Agreement framework.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze Statement 1 regarding the historical background of climate finance goals.
Statement 1 is correct. Developed countries committed at COP15 (Copenhagen, 2009) to mobilize $100 billion annually by 2020, which NCQG officially supersedes.
NCQG was specifically mandated by the Paris Agreement to set a new post-2025 finance goal starting from the $100 billion baseline.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the specific target figure and timeline of the NCQG agreed at COP29.
Statement 2 is correct. The COP29 outcome sets a target for developed countries to lead in mobilizing at least $300 billion per year by 2035 for developing nations.
This forms the primary core quantitative target of the New Collective Quantified Goal decision.
3
Assess Statement 3 regarding institutional governance of the goal.
Statement 3 is incorrect. The NCQG operates under the multilateral mandate and reporting framework of the UNFCCC and the Paris Agreement (CMA), not as an exclusive mechanism of the IMF.
International environmental finance frameworks under the UNFCCC maintain party-driven accountability and alignment with Paris Agreement mechanisms.

Key Concept

New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on Climate Finance
Estimated Time:2m 0s
Question 230Question →

Match the prominent global leaders in List-I with their respective official designations or positions in List-II. Which of the following option combinations represents the correct set of pairs?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Mark Rutte
Lawrence Wong
Halla Tómasdóttir
Prabowo Subianto

Matches

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Answer

The correct pairings are: Mark Rutte matched with Secretary General of NATO; Lawrence Wong matched with Prime Minister of Singapore; Halla Tómasdóttir matched with President of Iceland; and Prabowo Subianto matched with President of Indonesia.
Mark Rutte serves as the Secretary General of NATO, Lawrence Wong serves as the Prime Minister of Singapore, Halla Tómasdóttir serves as the President of Iceland, and Prabowo Subianto serves as the President of Indonesia.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the leadership position of Mark Rutte
Mark Rutte, former Prime Minister of the Netherlands, was appointed as the Secretary General of NATO.
Recall major international organization leadership changes.
2
Identify the leadership position of Lawrence Wong
Lawrence Wong succeeded Lee Hsien Loong to become the Prime Minister of Singapore.
Recall major Asian heads of government appointments.
3
Identify the positions of Halla Tómasdóttir and Prabowo Subianto
Halla Tómasdóttir was elected President of Iceland, and Prabowo Subianto assumed office as the President of Indonesia.
Complete the remaining individual country head of state pairings.

Key Concept

Recent Global Leadership Appointments and Persons in News
Question 231Question →

Which of the following cities was officially designated by UNESCO as the World Book Capital for the year 2024 in recognition of its literary focus on environmental challenges and youth empowerment?

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Answer: Strasbourg (France)

Answer

Strasbourg (France) was designated by UNESCO as the World Book Capital for the year 2024.
Strasbourg (France) was officially named the UNESCO World Book Capital for 2024 due to its program highlighting books as a means to address environmental challenges, foster social cohesion, and engage youth.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the UNESCO World Book Capital selection for the 2024 tenure.
Strasbourg, France, officially took over the title starting April 23, 2024.
UNESCO designates one global city annually to promote books, reading, and literacy initiatives.

Key Concept

UNESCO World Book Capital Designations
Question 232Question →

With reference to global biodiversity governance, multilateral conservation funds, and recent decisions under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), consider the following statements:

1. The Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) was established under the management of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to direct financial resources toward fulfilling the targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
2. The 'Cali Fund', finalized at CBD COP16, is a mechanism designed to collect voluntary financial contributions from commercial entities utilizing Digital Sequence Information (DSI) on genetic resources to support conservation and Indigenous communities.
3. The United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) acts as the exclusive financial mechanism and operating entity for all specialized funds established under the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Which of the statements given above are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Statement 1 and Statement 2 only

Answer

Statement 1 and Statement 2 only are correct.
Statements 1 and 2 are accurate. The Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF) is managed by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), and the Cali Fund was created at CBD COP16 in Cali to capture revenue from commercial users of Digital Sequence Information (DSI) for biodiversity conservation and Indigenous communities. Statement 3 is false because GEF, not UNEP, serves as the designated financial mechanism for the Convention on Biological Diversity.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding the Global Biodiversity Framework Fund (GBFF)
Statement 1 is correct. The GBFF was formally ratified and launched under the stewardship of the Global Environment Facility (GEF) to mobilize dedicated funding for developing countries to meet the 23 targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework adopted at COP15.
Establishing the governance structure of GBFF under GEF is a critical financial milestone in international conservation governance.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding the Cali Fund established at CBD COP16
Statement 2 is correct. At CBD COP16 held in Cali, Colombia, delegates established the 'Cali Fund' to operationalize benefit-sharing from Digital Sequence Information (DSI) on genetic resources, asking corporate users (such as pharmaceutical and agribusiness firms) to contribute a percentage of profits/revenue to fund conservation and support Indigenous Peoples.
The Cali Fund represents a breakthrough in economic benefit-sharing from genetic data.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding the institutional financial mechanism of the CBD
Statement 3 is incorrect. The financial mechanism operating under the CBD is the Global Environment Facility (GEF), not UNEP exclusively. While UNEP hosts the CBD Secretariat in Montreal, financial governance and fund administration reside within GEF.
Distinguishing between the administrative host of the Secretariat (UNEP) and the financial mechanism trustee/operating entity (GEF) is essential.

Key Concept

Global Biodiversity Governance, Climate Summit Outcomes (CBD COP16 Cali), and Financial Mechanisms (GBFF & GEF)
Question 233Question →

Match the following domestic sports tournaments in India with their corresponding sports disciplines and historical significance:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Durand Cup
Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup
Vijay Hazare Trophy
Rangaswami Cup

Matches

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Answer

The correct pairings are: Durand Cup matches with Football (Oldest existing football tournament in Asia, first held in Shimla in 1888); Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup matches with Field Hockey (Prestigious historic hockey tournament instituted in Bhopal in 1931); Vijay Hazare Trophy matches with Cricket (Premier domestic limited-overs 50-over competition in India); and Rangaswami Cup matches with Field Hockey (Originally instituted in 1928 as the trophy for the Senior National Hockey Championship).
Each tournament is accurately linked to its specific sports discipline and historical founding context: Durand Cup (Football, 1888), Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup (Field Hockey, Bhopal, 1931), Vijay Hazare Trophy (50-over Cricket), and Rangaswami Cup (Senior National Field Hockey, 1928).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the sport associated with Durand Cup.
Durand Cup is a legendary football tournament founded by Sir Mortimer Durand in Shimla in 1888.
It represents Asia's oldest football competition.
2
Identify the sport associated with Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup.
Obaidullah Khan Gold Cup is one of the premier hockey tournaments in Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh.
Instituted in 1931, it is deeply rooted in Indian field hockey history.
3
Identify the sport and format associated with Vijay Hazare Trophy.
Vijay Hazare Trophy is the 50-over One Day domestic cricket tournament conducted by the BCCI.
It is named after the famed Indian cricketer Vijay Hazare.
4
Identify the historical origin of the Rangaswami Cup.
Rangaswami Cup was introduced in 1928 for the National Hockey Championship to select players for the Olympic games.
It remains a crucial historical milestone trophy in Indian field hockey.

Key Concept

Domestic Sports Tournaments, Trophies, and Heritage in India
Question 234Question →

Match the economic developments and Union Budget initiatives in List-I with their key objectives and focal features in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

PM-DevINE Initiative
SIGHT Programme
RAMP Scheme
Mahila Samman Savings Certificate

Matches

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Answer

PM-DevINE Initiative matches with funding infrastructure and social development projects in the North-Eastern Region. SIGHT Programme matches with financial incentives for domestic electrolyser manufacturing and green hydrogen production. RAMP Scheme matches with World Bank-assisted programme aimed at improving MSME capacity. Mahila Samman Savings Certificate matches with fixed-interest small savings instrument for women and girls.
PM-DevINE focuses on filling development gaps in the North-Eastern Region; SIGHT provides incentives for green hydrogen and electrolysers under the National Green Hydrogen Mission; RAMP is a World Bank-assisted MSME scheme; and Mahila Samman Savings Certificate is a specialized small savings scheme for women.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary domain of PM-DevINE
PM-DevINE is targeted toward regional development specifically in the North-Eastern states.
It addresses infrastructure gaps in NE India.
2
Identify the core component of the SIGHT Programme
SIGHT is an intervention strategy under the National Green Hydrogen Mission.
It offers subsidies/incentives for electrolyser manufacturing and green hydrogen production.
3
Identify the multilateral funding partner and target sector for RAMP
RAMP stands for Raising and Accelerating MSME Performance and is supported by the World Bank.
It focuses on competitiveness and governance of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises.
4
Identify the demographic target and structure of Mahila Samman Savings Certificate
It is a small savings initiative targeting women with a fixed tenure of two years.
Introduced in recent fiscal policy measures to encourage financial inclusion for women.

Key Concept

Key Flagship Initiatives and Financial Instruments in Union Budget and Economic Survey
Question 235Question →

Arrange the following key global environmental declarations, multilateral climate agreements, and conservation frameworks in chronological order of their official adoption or passage, from earliest to latest:

1. Formal adoption of the High Seas Treaty (Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction - BBNJ Agreement) under UNCLOS
2. Passage of United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) Resolution 5/14 to establish a legally binding global plastic pollution treaty
3. Adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) at CBD COP15
4. Adoption of the New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) on Climate Finance at UNFCCC COP29

Which of the following represents the correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest?

Drag items to arrange them in the correct order

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Answer

The correct chronological sequence from earliest to latest is: Passage of UNEA Resolution 5/14 on plastic pollution (March 2022), followed by the adoption of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework (December 2022), formal adoption of the High Seas Treaty (June 2023), and the adoption of the New Collective Quantified Goal on Climate Finance at COP29 (November 2024).
The correct sequence arranges these international environmental affairs strictly by their chronological adoption dates: UNEA Resolution 5/14 in March 2022, Kunming-Montreal GBF at CBD COP15 in December 2022, High Seas Treaty adoption under UNCLOS in June 2023, and the NCQG Climate Finance decision at COP29 in November 2024.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the adoption date of UNEA Resolution 5/14.
UNEA Resolution 5/14 ('End plastic pollution: Towards an international legally binding instrument') was passed in Nairobi in March 2022.
Establishes the starting benchmark in the timeline.
2
Identify the adoption date of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework.
The landmark Global Biodiversity Framework (GBF) setting 23 targets for 2030 was adopted at CBD COP15 in Montreal in December 2022.
Places this framework as the second milestone in the sequence.
3
Identify the formal adoption date of the High Seas Treaty (BBNJ Agreement).
The Agreement under UNCLOS on the Conservation and Sustainable Use of Marine Biological Diversity of Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction was formally adopted in New York in June 2023.
Positions the High Seas Treaty third in chronological progression.
4
Identify the adoption date of the NCQG on Climate Finance at UNFCCC COP29.
The New Collective Quantified Goal (NCQG) replacing the $100 billion annual target was finalized at COP29 in Baku in November 2024.
Establishes this climate finance framework as the latest milestone among the four listed.

Key Concept

Chronological progression of key multilateral environmental pacts, conservation targets, and international climate summit outcomes.
Question 236Question →

Match the global environmental reports, indexes, and climate summit declarations listed in List-I with their respective issuing agencies or organizational frameworks listed in List-II. Which of the following pair combinations represents the correct match?

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Global Resource Outlook
Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)
State of the World's Forests (SOFO)
Belém Declaration

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Global Resource Outlook corresponds to UNEP International Resource Panel; Climate Change Performance Index corresponds to Germanwatch, NewClimate Institute, and Climate Action Network; State of the World's Forests corresponds to Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); Belém Declaration corresponds to Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO).
Each item in List-I directly pairs with its authoritative publishing body or treaty framework in List-II: the Global Resource Outlook is created by the UNEP International Resource Panel, the Climate Change Performance Index is produced by Germanwatch alongside NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Network, the State of the World's Forests report is issued by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), and the Belém Declaration was formulated by the member states of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the institutional origin of the Global Resource Outlook.
It is produced by the International Resource Panel within the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP).
This report monitors global material extraction trends, ecological footprint data, and circular economy decoupling mechanisms.
2
Determine the publishing organizations for the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI).
It is published by Germanwatch in collaboration with the NewClimate Institute and Climate Action Network International.
CCPI evaluates climate protection performance across 63 countries and the European Union across four categories: GHG Emissions, Renewable Energy, Energy Use, and Climate Policy.
3
Identify the issuing agency for the State of the World's Forests (SOFO) report.
It is published by the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO).
FAO compiles global forest inventory data, sustainable forest management strategies, and timber conservation metrics in this flagship publication.
4
Associate the Belém Declaration with its international summit framework.
It was adopted by the member nations of the Amazon Cooperation Treaty Organization (ACTO).
Signed in Belém, Brazil, the pact established a joint regional consensus to combat illegal deforestation, promote sustainable bioeconomy, and safeguard indigenous rights across the Amazon basin.

Key Concept

Institutional origin and framework alignment of major international conservation reports, climate indexes, and environmental declarations.
Question 237Question →

In the context of Union Budget initiatives and central economic welfare developments in India, which of the following statements is correct regarding the 'PM Vishwakarma Scheme'?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: It is a fully funded Central Sector Scheme that provides collateral-free enterprise development loans at concessional interest rates alongside skill training for traditional artisans.

Answer

The correct statement is that the PM Vishwakarma Scheme is a fully funded Central Sector Scheme providing collateral-free credit at concessional interest rates, skill training, and toolkit incentives to traditional artisans.
The PM Vishwakarma Scheme was launched as a 100% Union Government-funded Central Sector Scheme. It provides end-to-end support to artisans and craftspeople, including collateral-free enterprise development credit up to ₹3 lakh at a concessional interest rate of 5%, skill upgrading, toolkit incentives, and marketing support.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the funding pattern and operational structure of the PM Vishwakarma Scheme announced in the Union Budget.
Identified that PM Vishwakarma is a 100% Central Sector Scheme fully funded by the Central Government with a financial outlay of ₹13,000 crore.
Understanding the financing mechanism differentiates Central Sector Schemes from Centrally Sponsored Schemes.
2
Evaluate the target beneficiary profile and key intervention components.
The scheme covers traditional artisans and craftspeople across 18 family-based traditional trades, offering recognition (ID card), skill verification/training, toolkit incentive, and collateral-free credit at a concessional interest rate of 5%.
Verifying target eligibility rules out distractor options alleging urban tech or non-traditional coverage.
3
Verify institutional banking implementation mechanisms.
Credit support is facilitated through scheduled commercial banks, RRBs, and cooperative banks, backed by interest subvention from the Union Government.
Demonstrates that central monetary institutions like the RBI do not provide direct retail loans.

Key Concept

PM Vishwakarma Scheme and Central Sector Budgetary Allocations
Question 238Question →

Consider the following statements regarding Exercise 'DUSTLIK':

1. It is a joint bilateral military exercise conducted between the armed forces of India and Uzbekistan.
2. The 5th edition of the exercise was conducted in Termez District, Uzbekistan.
3. The primary objective of the exercise is to enhance interoperability in counter-terrorism operations in mountainous and semi-urban terrain under a United Nations mandate.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1, 2 and 3

Answer

All three statements (1, 2, and 3) are correct.
All three statements are factually accurate. Exercise DUSTLIK is a premier annual bilateral military training event between the Indian Army and the Uzbekistan Armed Forces. The 5th edition took place at Termez in Uzbekistan, emphasizing counter-terrorist operations in sub-urban and mountainous terrain under Chapter VII of the United Nations charter.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding participating nations
Exercise DUSTLIK is an annual bilateral army exercise conducted between the armed forces of India and Uzbekistan. Statement 1 is correct.
Establishing the correct participating nations.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding edition and venue
The 5th edition of Exercise DUSTLIK was held in Termez District, Uzbekistan. Statement 2 is correct.
Verifying the location of the recent edition.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding operational scope
The exercise focuses on joint physical fitness, multi-domain tactical drills, and counter-terrorism operations in semi-urban and mountainous terrain under UN mandate. Statement 3 is correct.
Checking the defense operational objective.

Key Concept

Bilateral Joint Military Exercises of India
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 239Question →

Match the following joint military exercises conducted by the Indian Armed Forces (List I) with their respective partner nations (List II):

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Exercise VINBAX
Exercise Harimau Shakti
Exercise Al Nagah
Exercise SAMPRITI

Matches

Show answer & explanation

Answer

Exercise VINBAX matches with Vietnam, Exercise Harimau Shakti matches with Malaysia, Exercise Al Nagah matches with Oman, and Exercise SAMPRITI matches with Bangladesh.
Each joint exercise accurately aligns with its partner country: Exercise VINBAX with Vietnam, Exercise Harimau Shakti with Malaysia, Exercise Al Nagah with Oman, and Exercise SAMPRITI with Bangladesh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the participating partner nation for Exercise VINBAX.
Exercise VINBAX is the bilateral army exercise between India and Vietnam.
The name VINBAX originates from Vietnam-India Bilateral Army Exercise.
2
Identify the partner nation for Exercise Harimau Shakti.
Exercise Harimau Shakti is conducted between India and Malaysia.
Harimau Shakti focuses on counter-insurgency and jungle warfare operations between Indian and Malaysian troops.
3
Identify the partner nation for Exercise Al Nagah.
Exercise Al Nagah is conducted between India and Oman.
Al Nagah is the bilateral army exercise enhancing defense cooperation between the Royal Army of Oman and the Indian Army.
4
Identify the partner nation for Exercise SAMPRITI.
Exercise SAMPRITI is conducted between India and Bangladesh.
SAMPRITI is an important flagship bilateral defense effort between the armies of India and Bangladesh.

Key Concept

Bilateral Defense Cooperation and Joint Military Exercises
Question 240Question →

Regarding the accounting classification of receipts and expenditures in the Union Budget of India, which of the following statements are correct?

Select all that apply

Show answer & explanation

Answer: Sovereign Green Bonds issued by the Government of India are accounted for as part of market borrowings within Capital Receipts.; Interest payments made by the Central Government on accumulated public debt are classified under Revenue Expenditure.

Answer

The correct statements are that Sovereign Green Bonds form part of market borrowings under Capital Receipts, and interest payments on public debt are classified under Revenue Expenditure.
Sovereign Green Bonds add to government debt liabilities and are correctly included in market borrowings under Capital Receipts. Similarly, interest payments on past debt obligations do not build assets or reduce principal liability, making them recurring Revenue Expenditure.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the accounting nature of Sovereign Green Bonds
Green Bonds generate debt liabilities for borrowing funds for public sector projects, placing them correctly under Capital Receipts (internal debt).
Any financial transaction that creates a liability is categorized under capital accounting.
2
Evaluate the classification of disinvestment proceeds
Disinvestment involves selling state assets without creating debt, categorizing it as a Non-Debt Capital Receipt.
Transactions that liquidate government assets belong to capital receipts, not revenue receipts.
3
Examine interest servicing and grants-in-aid entries
Interest servicing is a recurring operational outlay (Revenue Expenditure). Central grants to states, regardless of end-use, are legally classified as Revenue Expenditure of the Union.
Revenue expenditure covers routine operational expenses and transfers that do not directly increase central capital assets.

Key Concept

Budgetary Classification of Revenue and Capital Accounts in the Union Budget
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