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State Specific General Knowledge

334 questions

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Question 41Question →

Arrange the following major mountain peaks of the Western Ghats in sequential order from North to South based on their latitudinal position:

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Answer

The correct sequential order from North to South is Kalsubai, followed by Kudremukh, Anamudi, and Agasthyamalai.
Tracing the Western Ghats mountain chain from North to South, Kalsubai (Maharashtra, ~19.6° N) forms the northernmost point, followed by Kudremukh (Karnataka, ~13.2° N), Anamudi (Kerala, ~10.17° N), and Agasthyamalai (Kerala/Tamil Nadu, ~8.62° N) at the southern end.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical region and latitude of Kalsubai Peak.
Kalsubai lies in the Sahyadri Range of Maharashtra at approximately 19°36' N latitude.
This establishes the northernmost peak in the given set.
2
Determine the latitude of Kudremukh Peak.
Kudremukh is situated in the Chikkamagaluru district of Karnataka at approximately 13°13' N latitude.
This places Kudremukh south of the Sahyadris of Maharashtra but north of the Nilgiri and Anaimalai complexes.
3
Determine the latitude of Anamudi Peak.
Anamudi is located in the Anaimalai Hills of Kerala at approximately 10°10' N latitude.
Positioned south of the Palghat Gap, it lies south of Kudremukh.
4
Determine the latitude of Agasthyamalai Peak.
Agasthyamalai is located in the Ashambu Hills on the Kerala-Tamil Nadu border at approximately 8°37' N latitude.
This confirms Agasthyamalai as the southernmost peak among the given options.

Key Concept

Latitudinal spatial distribution of Western Ghats relief features across state boundaries.
Question 42Question →

In the traditional folk heritage of Central India, which narrative ballad performance art depicts episodes of the Mahabharata through distinct 'Vedamati' and 'Kapalik' presentation styles, utilizing a decorated Tambura that is also symbolically brandished as a mace or bow during dramatic sequences?

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Answer: Pandavani

Answer

Pandavani is the traditional narrative ballad performing art of Central India characterized by Mahabharata storytelling in Vedamati and Kapalik styles.
Pandavani is a traditional folk ballad and theatrical narrative art form originating from Chhattisgarh and adjoining regions of Central India. It depicts the heroic tales of the five Pandava brothers from the Mahabharata. The art form is divided into two major presentation styles: the 'Vedamati' style, where the performer remains seated and emphasizes textual and vocal fidelity (represented by masters like Jhaduram Devangan), and the 'Kapalik' style, where the performer stands, dances, and acts out dramatic scenes with high theatrical expression (popularized globally by Teejan Bai). The lead narrator holds a decorated Tambura in one hand and Kartal in the other, creatively wielding the Tambura as a prop to represent weapons like a mace or bow.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the core theme and geographic origin stated in the question
The tradition originates from Central India (predominantly Chhattisgarh) and focuses specifically on recounting tales of the Pandavas from the Mahabharata epic.
Geographic and thematic orientation narrows down regional folk performance genres.
2
Examine the specific stylistic schools and performance techniques
The two foundational schools are 'Vedamati' (a seated, text-oriented classical recitation) and 'Kapalik' (a dynamic, standing enactment characterized by dramatic gestures and improvisation).
These stylistic divisions are uniquely associated with the Pandavani tradition.
3
Verify the primary musical instrument and its dramatic staging function
The lead narrator plays a stringed instrument called the Tambura (along with Kartal cymbals), which is brandished during the performance to visually symbolize Bhima's mace (gada) or Arjuna's bow (Gandiva).
This confirms the identity of Pandavani against other regional ballad forms.

Key Concept

Regional folk narrative arts, traditional theatre styles, and intangible cultural heritage of Central India
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 43Question →

Match the State Government Welfare Schemes in List-I with their corresponding Primary Objectives in List-II to determine the correct association:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Mukhya Mantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana
Indira Gandhi Shehri Rozgar Guarantee Yojana
YSR Cheyutha Scheme
MEDISEP Scheme

Matches

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Answer

Mukhya Mantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana correctly matches with conditional financial support across educational milestones for the girl child; Indira Gandhi Shehri Rozgar Guarantee Yojana matches with urban wage employment guarantee of 100 days annually; YSR Cheyutha Scheme matches with livelihood financial aid for marginalized women aged 45 to 60 years; and MEDISEP Scheme matches with comprehensive cashless health insurance for state employees and pensioners.
Each state welfare scheme correctly pairs with its official policy mandate: Mukhya Mantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana (Uttar Pradesh) provides milestone-linked financial assistance for girl children; Indira Gandhi Shehri Rozgar Guarantee Yojana (Rajasthan) guarantees 100 days of wage employment in urban areas; YSR Cheyutha Scheme (Andhra Pradesh) delivers livelihood financial support to marginalized women in the 45-60 age bracket; and MEDISEP (Kerala) provides cashless health insurance coverage to government employees and pensioners.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the mandate of Mukhya Mantri Kanya Sumangala Yojana
Matches with conditional financial support across educational milestones for the welfare and health of the girl child
This flagship initiative of Uttar Pradesh delivers conditional financial grants across six life stages from birth to college entry to eliminate female feticide and encourage education.
2
Identify the mandate of Indira Gandhi Shehri Rozgar Guarantee Yojana
Matches with urban wage employment guarantee providing 100 days of work annually to urban households
Launched by Rajasthan, this policy secures livelihood support for urban dwellers by providing guaranteed manual work in urban municipal areas.
3
Identify the mandate of YSR Cheyutha Scheme
Matches with direct financial aid for sustainable livelihoods to women aged 45 to 60 years from marginalized communities
Introduced by Andhra Pradesh, the scheme provides financial assistance specifically to mature women from vulnerable communities to establish self-sustaining enterprises.
4
Identify the mandate of MEDISEP Scheme
Matches with comprehensive cashless medical health insurance coverage for state government employees and pensioners
Introduced by Kerala, MEDISEP offers risk coverage and tertiary healthcare cashless facilities explicitly to state government staff and pensioners.

Key Concept

Target beneficiaries, sectoral focus, and policy mandates of prominent state government welfare schemes
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 44Question →

The Government of Tamil Nadu implemented the 'Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam' to deliver basic income support directly to women heads of eligible households. Which of the following sets of criteria accurately defines the primary economic and resource-holding eligibility thresholds mandated under this welfare scheme?

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Answer: Annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh, wetland landholding below 5 acres (or dryland below 10 acres), and annual domestic electricity consumption below 3,600 units

Answer

Annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh, wetland landholding below 5 acres (or dryland below 10 acres), and annual domestic electricity consumption below 3,600 units
Under the Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam (KMUT) launched by the Government of Tamil Nadu, women heads of families are provided a monthly basic income of ₹1,000. To ensure target-specific welfare delivery, the state government prescribed three simultaneous eligibility benchmarks: an annual family income below ₹2.5 lakh, agricultural landholding of less than 5 acres of wetland (or less than 10 acres of dryland), and annual domestic electricity usage below 3,600 units.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the target scheme and its welfare architecture
The scheme is 'Kalaignar Magalir Urimai Thittam' (KMUT), a monthly direct cash transfer of ₹1,000 to eligible women heads of families in Tamil Nadu.
Establishing the policy framework determines which gazetted operational guidelines apply.
2
Evaluate the income and landholding eligibility caps
The family must have an annual income of less than ₹2.5 lakh and own less than 5 acres of wetland (or less than 10 acres of dryland).
These filters exclude high-income households and large agricultural landholders.
3
Evaluate utility consumption restrictions
The household's annual domestic electricity consumption must not exceed 3,600 units.
Electricity consumption is used as a reliable proxy indicator of economic status.

Key Concept

Eligibility Benchmarks and Operational Norms of State Social Security Schemes
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 45Question →

Match the specific local physical relief features of the state geography in List-I with their corresponding physiographic locations or district regions in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Bhakar (Steep jagged ridges)
Chappan Hills (Dome-shaped granitic hills)
Desuri Pass (Desuri Nal)
Dang Landform (Badland ravine terrain)

Matches

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Answer

Bhakar matches with Sirohi District; Chappan Hills matches with Barmer-Jalore Region; Desuri Pass matches with Pali-Rajsamand Border; Dang Landform matches with Karauli and Dholpur Region.
Each local relief feature is correctly mapped to its precise administrative and physiographic region based on physical geography: Bhakar belongs to Sirohi, Chappan Hills to the Siwana granitic complex of Barmer-Jalore, Desuri Pass to the Pali-Rajsamand border pass, and Dang Landform to the Chambal badland belt in Karauli-Dholpur.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical definition and location of Bhakar.
Bhakar represents steep, narrow, knife-edge ridges found specifically on the western slopes of Aravallis in Sirohi district.
This establishes the first landform-to-district pair.
2
Identify the geological formation and region of Chappan Hills.
Chappan Hills are residual granitic domes located around Siwana in the Barmer-Jalore belt.
This distinguishes Chappan Hills from the Chappan Plain (Mahi basin).
3
Locate the mountain gap known as Desuri Pass.
Desuri Pass traverses the Central Aravalli ridge between Pali and Rajsamand.
Passes are key physical features facilitating inter-regional travel across relief barriers.
4
Determine the physiographic belt corresponding to Dang ravine landform.
Dang topography is formed by Chambal river erosion in the eastern district belt of Karauli and Dholpur.
Ravines are characteristic fluvial erosional features of the Chambal basin.

Key Concept

Micro-physiographic landforms, mountain relief features, and regional landform nomenclature of State Geography.
Question 46Question →

Which of the following physical regions of Gujarat is a vast, low-lying seasonal salt marsh desert located in the northern part of the state?

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Answer: The Rann of Kutch

Answer

The Rann of Kutch
The Rann of Kutch is a vast, unique saline marshland desert region located in northern Gujarat along the border of the Thar Desert.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the physical landform characteristics described in the question.
The region described is a low-lying, seasonal saline marshland in northern Gujarat.
This physical geography description specifically matches the saline desert flats of Kutch district.
2
Compare the option regions of Gujarat's physiography.
The Rann of Kutch is the only seasonal salt marsh desert among the choices.
Other options correspond to peninsular, plateau, and mountainous relief zones of the state.

Key Concept

State physical relief and major physiographic divisions (Rann of Kutch, Gujarat)
Question 47Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary in Andhra Pradesh:
1. It is located in the estuary of the Godavari River and is recognized as the second-largest stretch of mangrove forests in India.
2. It serves as a vital habitat for the fishing cat and provides significant nesting grounds for the Indian skimmer.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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Answer: Both 1 and 2

Answer

Both 1 and 2 are correct.
Both statements accurately describe the Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary. Located near Kakinada in Andhra Pradesh, it encompasses the Godavari estuarine mangroves (the second largest mangrove expanse in India) and protects key coastal fauna including the fishing cat and Indian skimmer.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding geography and flora
Coringa Wildlife Sanctuary is situated in the East Godavari district of Andhra Pradesh in the Godavari estuary, forming the second-largest mangrove forest ecosystem in India after the Sundarbans. Statement 1 is correct.
Verify geographic location and forest designation.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding ecological significance and key fauna
The sanctuary is renowned for mangrove conservation and is a declared refuge for the vulnerable fishing cat (Prionailurus viverrinus) and endangered avian species like the Indian skimmer (Rynchops albicollis). Statement 2 is correct.
Verify protected fauna and species associations.

Key Concept

State Environmental Reserves and Coastal Mangrove Ecosystems
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 48Question →

In the mineral and energy resource economy of Jharkhand, which district holds the famous Jharia coalfield, which contains India's largest reserves of prime coking coal?

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Answer: Dhanbad district

Answer

Dhanbad district
Dhanbad district is home to the Jharia coalfield, which holds nearly all of India's prime coking coal reserves vital for blast-furnace steel manufacturing.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the key economic mineral field mentioned in the prompt
The Jharia coalfield is India's exclusive source of metallurgical prime coking coal essential for the steel industry.
Mapping the specific resource belt (Jharia) to its administrative district location.
2
Correlate the Jharia coalfield with its corresponding administrative district in Jharkhand
Jharia is located within Dhanbad district, often termed the 'Coal Capital of India'.
State PSC exams frequently test the exact district locations of major mining and energy centers.

Key Concept

State Mineral Resource Distribution - Coking Coal Belts
Estimated Time:45s
Question 49Question →

Arrange the following major hydroelectric power projects located in Himachal Pradesh in descending order of their total installed power generation capacity.

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Answer

The correct descending order of installed power generation capacity is Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project (1,500 MW), followed by Karcham Wangtoo Hydroelectric Plant (1,000 MW), Koldam Hydroelectric Power Station (800 MW), and Chamera-I Hydroelectric Project (540 MW).
The correct sequence ranks the state's major hydroelectric projects according to their installed power output in Megawatts (MW): Nathpa Jhakri (1,500 MW) is the largest, followed by Karcham Wangtoo (1,000 MW), Koldam (800 MW), and Chamera-I (540 MW).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the total installed generation capacity for each of the specified hydro projects in the state.
Nathpa Jhakri = 1,500 MW; Karcham Wangtoo = 1,000 MW; Koldam = 800 MW; Chamera-I = 540 MW.
Quantifying individual project capacity is necessary to sequence them correctly.
2
Sequence the projects from highest capacity to lowest capacity.
1,500 MW > 1,000 MW > 800 MW > 540 MW.
The question explicitly demands a descending order of generation capacity.

Key Concept

State Energy Infrastructure and Hydroelectric Resource Distribution
Question 50Question →

During the early 1920s in the United Provinces (present-day Uttar Pradesh), a notable peasant uprising known as the 'Eka Movement' (Unity Movement) erupted across districts such as Hardoi, Sitapur, and Bahraich. Which of the following statements accurately describes the leadership and primary demands of this regional movement?

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Answer: It was spearheaded by Madari Pasi and other low-caste peasant leaders, with participants taking religious oaths to pay only recorded rents and refuse forced labor.

Answer

The Eka Movement was spearheaded by Madari Pasi and other low-caste peasant leaders, with participants taking religious oaths to pay only recorded rents and refuse forced labor.
The Eka (Unity) Movement started in late 1921 in the United Provinces across Hardoi, Sitapur, and Bahraich. Its leadership was drawn from grassroots peasant leaders like Madari Pasi. Members bound themselves through symbolic religious rituals, swearing to pay only statutory recorded rents, demand receipts, refuse illegal cesses (abwabs), and decline unpaid forced labor.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the geographical context and timeframe of the Eka Movement
The Eka Movement emerged towards the end of 1921 in the northern districts of Awadh / United Provinces (Hardoi, Bahraich, Sitapur, and Kheri).
Establishing spatial and temporal context helps isolate UP state historical movements from uprisings in other regions.
2
Analyze leadership structure and socioeconomic participation
Unlike earlier Congress-led Kisan Sabha movements, leadership passed to grassroots low-caste leaders like Madari Pasi and small tenant farmers.
Understanding key historical figures prevents misattributions to high-caste zamindars or prominent national politicians.
3
Examine the methods and core pledges of the movement
Peasants performed a ritual oath touching Ganges water, pledging to pay only official recorded rents, refuse forced labor (begar), stop paying unrecorded cesses (abwabs), and remain united.
Identifying specific movement pledges confirms the correct choice detailing agrarian demands.

Key Concept

Eka Movement (1921–1922) in United Provinces Agrarian History
Question 51Question →

Match the prominent state cultural festivals in List-I with their corresponding Indian states in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Hornbill Festival
Sangai Festival
Chapchar Kut
Khajuraho Dance Festival

Matches

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Answer

Hornbill Festival matches with Nagaland; Sangai Festival matches with Manipur; Chapchar Kut matches with Mizoram; Khajuraho Dance Festival matches with Madhya Pradesh.
Hornbill Festival is celebrated in Nagaland, Sangai Festival is organized in Manipur, Chapchar Kut is celebrated in Mizoram, and Khajuraho Dance Festival is held in Madhya Pradesh.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the state for Hornbill Festival
Hornbill Festival corresponds to Nagaland.
It is organized by the state government of Nagaland to display tribal traditions, music, and crafts.
2
Identify the state for Sangai Festival
Sangai Festival corresponds to Manipur.
The festival is named after the rare Sangai deer endemic to Keibul Lamjao National Park in Manipur.
3
Identify the state for Chapchar Kut
Chapchar Kut corresponds to Mizoram.
It is one of the oldest and most important agrarian spring festivals of the Mizo people.
4
Identify the state for Khajuraho Dance Festival
Khajuraho Dance Festival corresponds to Madhya Pradesh.
It takes place near the famous Chandela-era temples in Chhatarpur district of Madhya Pradesh.

Key Concept

Prominent State Cultural Festivals and Heritage of India
Question 52Question →

The 1922–1924 Rampa Rebellion in the Agency tracts of the Madras Presidency (present-day Andhra Pradesh) remains a significant tribal uprising in regional freedom struggle history. Which of the following statements regarding this rebellion are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: The rebellion was an armed guerrilla uprising led by Alluri Sitarama Raju against British colonial authority in the Eastern Ghats.; A primary economic cause was the enforcement of the Madras Forest Act of 1882, which severely restricted tribal access to forests and traditional 'Podu' (shifting) agriculture.; Alluri Sitarama Raju was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement, promoting the wear of khadi and temperance among the hill tribes.

Answer

The correct statements are that the rebellion was an armed guerrilla uprising led by Alluri Sitarama Raju, it was driven by grievances against the Madras Forest Act of 1882 restricting traditional 'Podu' agriculture, and Alluri Sitarama Raju drew inspiration from Mahatma Gandhi's Non-Cooperation Movement regarding khadi and temperance.
The Rampa Rebellion (1922–1924) was an armed tribal revolt in the Agency areas of Andhra Pradesh led by Alluri Sitarama Raju. The tribes were aggrieved by the loss of forest rights under the Madras Forest Act, 1882, and the suppression of Podu (shifting) agriculture. Raju was influenced by the Non-Cooperation Movement and encouraged khadi and temperance among tribal peasants.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Examine the leadership and geographical location of the Rampa Rebellion.
The rebellion was organized by Alluri Sitarama Raju in the Visakhapatnam and Godavari Agency tracts (Andhra Pradesh) using guerrilla warfare against British rule.
Establishes the core leader and nature of the uprising.
2
Analyze the underlying socioeconomic and agrarian grievances of the tribal population.
The commercialization of forests under the Madras Forest Act of 1882 restricted traditional shifting cultivation (Podu) and imposed exploitative forced labor.
Identifies the regulatory and colonial acts triggering the revolt.
3
Evaluate the ideological influence of the contemporary national freedom movement on the uprising.
Alluri Sitarama Raju adopted Gandhian social reforms such as advocating temperance and wearing khadi, while asserting armed resistance was necessary to liberate tribal tracts.
Clarifies the connection between regional tribal uprisings and the national movement.

Key Concept

Rampa Rebellion (1922–1924) and Tribal Movements in State History
Question 53Question →

Originating during the medieval Neo-Vaishnavite cultural renaissance led by saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardev, a distinctive traditional dramatic performance is composed in the literary language *Brajavali* and presented in community prayer houses known as *Naamghars* with elaborate handcrafted bamboo masks. Which traditional folk theatre heritage is being described?

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Answer: Bhaona of Assam

Answer

Bhaona of Assam represents the traditional one-act dramatic heritage founded by Srimanta Sankardev, staged in Naamghars using the Brajavali language.
Bhaona is the traditional theatrical performance art of Assam, created in the 16th century by the saint-reformer Srimanta Sankardev as part of the Ekasarana Dharma movement. The plays, known as *Ankiya Nats*, were written in *Brajavali* (a literary hybrid of Assamese and Maithili) and are staged in village prayer halls called *Naamghars* or monastic centres (*Sattras*). The performance frequently utilizes intricate bamboo, cane, and cloth masks (*Mukha*) traditionally crafted on the river island of Majuli.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the historical reformer and socio-religious institutional setting described in the stem.
Identified the medieval Neo-Vaishnavite renaissance of Srimanta Sankardev and the community prayer institutions known as Naamghars.
Naamghars and Sattras are foundational institutional structures unique to the society and culture of Assam.
2
Examine the linguistic and craft markers provided in the context.
Linked the literary medium Brajavali (an artificial blend of Maithili and Assamese) and traditional bamboo-and-clay mask making (Mukha of Majuli) to Assamese dramatic heritage.
Srimanta Sankardev composed Ankiya Nat plays in Brajavali specifically to make sacred narratives accessible across regional dialects.
3
Match the synthesized cultural markers to the correct regional performing art form.
Bhaona is the traditional staging and performance of Ankiya Nat plays in Assam.
Bhaona encapsulates the combination of Brajavali theatrical texts, Naamghar performance venues, and Majuli mask crafts.

Key Concept

Regional Living Heritage, Socio-Religious Reform Movements, and Theatrical Traditions of Assam
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 54Question →

The 'KALIA' (Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation) scheme, designed to provide financial, livelihood, and cultivation support to small farmers and landless agricultural households, was launched by which Indian State Government?

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Answer: Odisha

Answer

Odisha
The Government of Odisha launched the KALIA scheme to offer direct financial support for cultivation, livelihood assistance for landless agricultural units, and social security coverage for vulnerable farming families.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the implementing state government for the KALIA welfare program.
The KALIA (Krushak Assistance for Livelihood and Income Augmentation) scheme was launched by the Government of Odisha.
It aims to accelerate agricultural prosperity and reduce poverty among small farmers, landless agricultural workers, and vulnerable farming households in Odisha.

Key Concept

State Government Schemes and Welfare Policies
Question 55Question →

Which of the following statements regarding the protected areas, biosphere reserves, and wildlife sanctuaries of Odisha are correct?

Select all that apply

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Answer: Similipal National Park is located in the Mayurbhanj district and is designated as part of the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves.; Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary is the world's largest nesting beach (arribada site) for Olive Ridley sea turtles along the Bay of Bengal coast.; Satkosia Tiger Reserve encompasses the scenic gorge formed by the Mahanadi River flowing through central Odisha.

Answer

The correct statements are that Similipal National Park is located in Mayurbhanj district and belongs to the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves; Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary is the world's largest Olive Ridley sea turtle nesting beach; and Satkosia Tiger Reserve encloses the Mahanadi River gorge.
The statements confirming Similipal's Mayurbhanj location and UNESCO World Network status, Gahirmatha's status as the world's largest Olive Ridley sea turtle mass nesting site, and Satkosia's location along the Mahanadi River gorge are all accurate facts concerning Odisha's state environment and wildlife network.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Analyze the geographical location, status, and UNESCO recognition of Similipal National Park.
Similipal is located in Mayurbhanj district of northern Odisha and was included in the UNESCO World Network of Biosphere Reserves in 2009.
Verifies the administrative and international environmental recognition of Similipal.
2
Evaluate the coastal sanctuary specifications for Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary.
Gahirmatha is celebrated globally as the largest mass nesting beach (arribada) for Olive Ridley sea turtles.
Confirms the flagship fauna and ecological significance of Gahirmatha Wildlife Sanctuary.
3
Examine the drainage basin of Similipal Biosphere Reserve.
Similipal is drained by rivers like the Budhabalanga, Salandi, and tributaries of the Baitarani. The Godavari River flows through southern India and does not drain Similipal.
Identifies the hydrologic mismatch in the statement regarding the river system.
4
Assess the location and river association of Satkosia Tiger Reserve.
Satkosia protects the rich biodiversity surrounding the 22 km long gorge formed by the Mahanadi River.
Validates the physical geography and river basin associated with Satkosia.

Key Concept

State Protected Area Network, Wildlife Sanctuaries, and Drainage Systems of Odisha
Question 56Question →

Consider the following statements regarding the Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP) located in Himachal Pradesh:

1. It was inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage list under natural criteria in 2014.
2. The park protects the catchment areas and headwaters of rivers such as the Sainj and Tirthan, which are tributaries of the Beas River.
3. The park serves as the primary protected natural habitat for the endangered Nilgiri Tahr.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

Show answer & explanation

Answer: 1 and 2 only

Answer

The correct answer is the option specifying '1 and 2 only'.
The Great Himalayan National Park (GHNP), situated in the Kullu region of Himachal Pradesh, was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2014 for its exceptional biodiversity. It forms the upper catchment area of the Sainj, Tirthan, Jiwa Nala, and Parvati rivers, which drain into the Beas River basin. Statement 3 is false because the Nilgiri Tahr is endemic exclusively to the Western Ghats of Southern India, while GHNP is renowned for Himalayan fauna like the Western Tragopan, Musk Deer, and Snow Leopard.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Evaluate Statement 1 regarding UNESCO World Heritage designation.
Statement 1 is correct. The Great Himalayan National Park Conservation Area (GHNPCA) located in Kullu district, Himachal Pradesh, was granted UNESCO World Heritage Site status under Natural Criteria in June 2014.
GHNP meets criteria for outstanding biodiversity conservation and ecological processes of the Western Himalayas.
2
Evaluate Statement 2 regarding river basin and tributaries.
Statement 2 is correct. The park protects the upper river catchments of four key glacial streams: Sainj, Tirthan, Jiwa Nala, and Parvati, all of which feed into the Beas River system.
Topographical and drainage features of GHNP form vital headwaters for the Beas River.
3
Evaluate Statement 3 regarding flagship species distribution.
Statement 3 is incorrect. Nilgiri Tahr (Nilgiritragus hylocriusNilgiritragus\ hylocrius) is an endangered ungulate endemic to the montane grasslands of the Western Ghats in Kerala and Tamil Nadu. The flagship bird species of GHNP is the Western Tragopan (Tragopan melanocephalusTragopan\ melanocephalus).
Confusing South Indian endemic fauna with Himalayan fauna is a geographic distribution mismatch.

Key Concept

State Protected Areas, River Drainage Catchments, and Biodiversity Endemism
Estimated Time:1m 15s
Question 57Question →

Match the National Parks and Wildlife Sanctuaries of Kerala in List-I with their corresponding key ecological or geographical features in List-II:

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Silent Valley National Park
Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary
Eravikulam National Park
Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary

Matches

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Answer

Silent Valley National Park matches being drained by the Kunthipuzha River and protecting the Lion-tailed Macaque; Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary matches the artificial lake on the Periyar River prominent for Asian Elephant conservation; Eravikulam National Park matches enclosing Anamudi Peak and protecting the Nilgiri Tahr; Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary matches being situated in the rain-shadow zone and conserving the Grizzled Giant Squirrel.
Silent Valley National Park is drained by the Kunthipuzha River and harbors the Lion-tailed Macaque. Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary surrounds an artificial lake formed by the Mullaperiyar Dam and is known for Asian Elephant conservation. Eravikulam National Park encloses Anamudi Peak and protects the Nilgiri Tahr. Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary lies in the rain-shadow zone of the Western Ghats and protects the Grizzled Giant Squirrel.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary river and flagship fauna associated with Silent Valley National Park.
Silent Valley is located in Palakkad district, traversed by the Kunthipuzha River, and noted for the Lion-tailed Macaque.
This establishes the pair between Silent Valley National Park and the Kunthipuzha River feature.
2
Associate Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary with its hydrological and faunal feature.
Periyar Sanctuary is centered on an artificial lake created by the Mullaperiyar Dam and is a key Asian Elephant habitat.
This confirms the matching pair for Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary.
3
Match Eravikulam National Park with its peak and endemic ungulate.
Eravikulam contains Anamudi Peak (2,695 m) and holds the largest wild population of the Nilgiri Tahr.
This pairs Eravikulam National Park with Anamudi Peak and the Nilgiri Tahr.
4
Match Chinnar Wildlife Sanctuary with its climatic context and mammal indicator.
Chinnar is situated in the dry rain-shadow belt of Idukki and is famous for the Grizzled Giant Squirrel.
This completes the fourth matching pair.

Key Concept

Protected Areas, Flagship Species, and River Basins of Kerala State Forests
Question 58Question →

Situated along the southern stretch of the Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, which of the following protected areas was notified as a Tiger Reserve in 2021 to form a contiguous ecological corridor connecting the Periyar Tiger Reserve with the Meghamalai wildlife complex?

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Answer: Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve

Answer

Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve
Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve was formed by combining the Grizzled Giant Squirrel Wildlife Sanctuary in Srivilliputhur and the Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary. Notified in February 2021 as Tamil Nadu's 5th Tiger Reserve, it forms a contiguous protected landscape adjacent to Kerala's Periyar Tiger Reserve and serves as a critical catchment area for the Vaigai River.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the state, notification year, and geographical location specified in the stem.
The protected area was created in 2021 in the southern Western Ghats region of Tamil Nadu.
Srivilliputhur-Megamalai Tiger Reserve was sanctioned in February 2021 as India's 51st Tiger Reserve and Tamil Nadu's 5th Tiger Reserve.
2
Analyze the ecological corridor function described.
It connects the Vaigai river basin and Periyar Tiger Reserve in Kerala with the Meghamalai and Srivilliputhur sanctuaries.
Combining the Meghamalai Wildlife Sanctuary and Srivilliputhur Grizzled Giant Squirrel Sanctuary creates a vital contiguous habitat for Asian elephants and tigers.

Key Concept

State Protected Areas and Tiger Reserves of Tamil Nadu
Estimated Time:1m 0s
Question 59Question →

The indigenous architectural tradition of 'Kath-Kuni' (cator-and-cribbage construction), found across the river valleys of the Western Himalayas, represents a distinguished system of vernacular engineering and sacred woodcraft. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the structural composition and cultural purpose of this heritage architecture?

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Answer: It utilizes interlocking dry stone masonry and double-timber beams laid horizontally without mortar, creating flexible, earthquake-resilient structures for multi-storeyed village residences and deity temples.

Answer

Kath-Kuni architecture utilizes interlocking dry stone masonry and double-timber beams laid horizontally without mortar, creating flexible, earthquake-resilient structures for multi-storeyed village residences and deity temples.
The Kath-Kuni style (also known as Thath-Shaili in parts of the Western Himalayas) is an ingenious vernacular architectural system developed in Himachal Pradesh and neighboring mountainous tracts. It relies on alternate courses of dry stone masonry and heavy timber beams (principally Deodar) joined at orthogonal corners with wooden dovetail or lap joints without the use of binding mortar. The dry construction allows relative movement during seismic activity, dissipating energy and preventing catastrophic collapse. The ground floor acts as a massive insulating plinth, while the upper cantilevered wooden storeys house living quarters and sanctuaries for the local devta (village deity).

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the regional and material context of the Kath-Kuni architectural tradition.
Kath-Kuni (literally meaning 'wood-corner') is an indigenous building style native to Himachal Pradesh and adjoining Western Himalayan valleys, utilizing locally sourced deodar wood and schist stone.
Establishing the geographic provenance and raw materials eliminates architectural styles associated with arid plains or Peninsular India.
2
Analyze the structural and seismic mechanism of the construction technique.
The technique alternates courses of dry stone and longitudinal wooden beams joined at corners using wooden lap-joints (cribbage) without mortar, creating a friction-based damper that absorbs seismic shocks.
Recognizing the dry-masonry and timber-interlocking mechanism rules out mortared brickwork and lightweight bamboo lattice.
3
Assess the functional and cultural role of Kath-Kuni edifices in Himalayan society.
These heavy structures serve as permanent multi-level clan homes, fortified towers (kots), and sacred repositories for village devtas (local deities), with top floors featuring elaborately carved cantilevered wooden balconies.
This confirms the correct characterization of structural resilience, material makeup, and religious-communal utility.

Key Concept

Kath-Kuni Himalayan vernacular architecture and seismic-resistant temple construction heritage
Estimated Time:1m 30s
Question 60Question →

In the economic geography and natural resource framework of Madhya Pradesh, several mining regions contribute vital raw materials to state revenue and national industries. Match the prominent mining tracts in List-I with their principal mineral resources in List-II.

Click a left item, then click its matching right item

Items

Malanjkhand (Balaghat)
Majhgawan (Panna)
Amarkantak (Anuppur)
Sohagpur (Shahdol)

Matches

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Answer

Malanjkhand (Balaghat) matches with Copper ore; Majhgawan (Panna) matches with Diamond deposits; Amarkantak (Anuppur) matches with Bauxite ore; and Sohagpur (Shahdol) matches with Coal reserves.
The correct pairings accurately reflect state geological resource surveys: Malanjkhand in Balaghat is India's leading copper hub; Majhgawan in Panna represents the nation's premier diamond-producing kimberlite pipe; Amarkantak in Anuppur holds extensive bauxite caps; and Sohagpur in Shahdol is the state's most expansive coalfield.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Identify the primary metallic mineral extracted from the Malanjkhand belt in Balaghat district.
Malanjkhand is the principal copper ore deposit of central India, contributing the largest share of domestic primary copper production.
Geological porphyry formations in the Proterozoic rocks of Balaghat host extensive copper mineralization.
2
Determine the resource associated with the Majhgawan mine in Panna district.
Majhgawan is synonymous with diamond extraction from volcanic kimberlite/lamproite pipe rocks.
Panna district forms the central axis of diamondiferous conglomerates and pipe deposits in India.
3
Connect the Amarkantak plateau of Anuppur district with its dominant ore type.
Amarkantak is characterized by rich lateritic bauxite reserves formed through intensive tropical weathering.
These bauxite deposits serve as feedstock for central alumina refineries such as Renukoot.
4
Correlate Sohagpur in Shahdol district with its fossil fuel deposits.
Sohagpur is the premier coalfield in Madhya Pradesh, situated within the Gondwana basin.
Thick sedimentary coal seams in the Damodar-Koel-Son belt yield substantial thermal-grade coal.

Key Concept

Spatial distribution of major mineral resources across specialized mining districts in the state economy.
Estimated Time:1m 15s
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