Match the following acute upper extremity orthopedic injuries with their most characteristic physical examination findings and anatomical disruptions.
- Scaphoid fractureTenderness in the depression between the extensor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis tendons
- Lunate dislocationVolar wrist swelling with paresthesias in the thumb, index, and middle fingers
- Monteggia fracture-dislocationProximal forearm deformity with a palpably dislocated radiocapitellar joint
- Galeazzi fracture-dislocationDistal forearm deformity with a prominent, unstable ulnar head
Answer
Scaphoid fracture matches with anatomic snuffbox tenderness. Lunate dislocation matches with volar swelling and median nerve paresthesias. Monteggia fracture-dislocation matches with proximal forearm deformity and radiocapitellar dislocation. Galeazzi fracture-dislocation matches with distal forearm deformity and prominent ulnar head.
Each named injury corresponds to a distinct anatomical disruption. The scaphoid sits at the base of the anatomic snuffbox, making this the primary site of tenderness when fractured. The lunate articulates directly above the carpal tunnel; its volar dislocation inherently compromises the median nerve space. Eponymous forearm fractures are defined by their specific bone and joint involvement: Monteggia affects the proximal ulna and radial head, while Galeazzi affects the distal radius and distal radioulnar joint.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Upper extremity orthopedic injuries have highly specific anatomical presentations, such as the MUGR pattern for forearm fracture-dislocations and distinct focal tenderness or nerve compression for carpal injuries.
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