Match each esophageal disorder with its most characteristic diagnostic imaging or endoscopic finding.
- Achalasia"Bird's beak" narrowing of the distal esophagus with proximal dilation on barium swallow
- Diffuse esophageal spasm"Corkscrew" appearance with uncoordinated, simultaneous contractions on barium swallow
- Eosinophilic esophagitisMultiple stacked circular rings ("trachealization") and linear furrows on endoscopy
- Scleroderma (Systemic sclerosis)Dilated lower esophagus with an incompetent lower esophageal sphincter and absent distal peristalsis
Answer
Achalasia matches with 'bird's beak' narrowing; Diffuse esophageal spasm matches with 'corkscrew' appearance; Eosinophilic esophagitis matches with stacked circular rings ('trachealization'); Scleroderma matches with a dilated lower esophagus and an incompetent sphincter.
Each esophageal condition produces distinct morphological changes on imaging or endoscopy due to its underlying pathophysiology. Achalasia presents with a bird's beak due to failure of lower esophageal sphincter relaxation. Diffuse esophageal spasm shows a corkscrew pattern from uncoordinated contractions. Eosinophilic esophagitis features trachealization from chronic immune-mediated remodeling. Scleroderma causes smooth muscle atrophy, leaving an open, incompetent sphincter.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Classic presentations and diagnostic findings of esophageal motility and inflammatory disorders