Question

Difficulty: MediumMeasures of Association and Impact

A team of epidemiologists conducts a case-control study to investigate a potential link between the use of a specific pre-workout dietary supplement and the occurrence of new-onset atrial fibrillation in adults under the age of 40. The researchers identify 150 patients diagnosed with new-onset atrial fibrillation (cases) and 300 healthy matched individuals without a cardiac history (controls).

Detailed dietary history interviews indicate that 90 of the patients with atrial fibrillation regularly consumed the pre-workout supplement in the month preceding their diagnosis. Among the healthy controls, 120 reported regular consumption of the same supplement.

Based on these findings, what is the odds ratio for the association between regular consumption of the pre-workout supplement and the development of new-onset atrial fibrillation? (Provide the exact value).

Answer: 2.25

Answer

2.25
In a case-control study, the odds ratio (OR) is the appropriate measure of association. It is calculated by dividing the odds of exposure among cases (a/ca/c) by the odds of exposure among controls (b/db/d), which simplifies to the cross-product (a×d)/(b×c)(a \times d) / (b \times c). Using the values a=90a=90, c=60c=60, b=120b=120, and d=180d=180, the calculation is (90×180)/(120×60)=16200/7200=2.25(90 \times 180) / (120 \times 60) = 16200 / 7200 = 2.25.

Step-by-Step Solution

1
Determine the exposure status among the cases (atrial fibrillation group).
Exposed cases = 90. Unexposed cases = 150 - 90 = 60.
To find the numerator and denominator for the odds of exposure in the case group.
2
Determine the exposure status among the controls (healthy group).
Exposed controls = 120. Unexposed controls = 300 - 120 = 180.
To find the numerator and denominator for the odds of exposure in the control group.
3
Calculate the odds of exposure for both groups.
Odds for cases = 90 / 60 = 1.5. Odds for controls = 120 / 180 = 0.667.
The odds ratio compares the odds of exposure in cases to the odds of exposure in controls.
4
Calculate the final odds ratio.
Odds Ratio = 1.5 / 0.667 = 2.25.
To quantify the strength of the association between the supplement and atrial fibrillation.

Key Concept

Odds Ratio (OR) calculation in a case-control study
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