Match the following epidemiological definitions and study applications with their corresponding measures of association and impact.
- Calculated as 1 divided by the absolute risk reduction; represents how many patients must receive an intervention to prevent one adverse outcome.Number needed to treat (NNT)
- The primary measure of association calculated from case-control studies, as disease incidence cannot be directly measured.Odds ratio (OR)
- Calculated as the incidence rate of an event in the control group minus the incidence rate of the event in the treatment group.Absolute risk reduction (ARR)
- The primary measure of association calculated from prospective cohort studies, comparing incidence among exposed versus unexposed individuals.Relative risk (RR)
Answer
NNT matches with 1/ARR. Odds ratio matches with case-control studies. ARR matches with the difference in incidence rates. Relative risk matches with prospective cohort studies.
Each definition fundamentally aligns with standard epidemiological guidelines for calculating and interpreting measures of association and impact across different clinical study designs.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Appropriate selection and definitions of statistical measures of association based on study design.