A physician is reviewing several medical journal articles to update hospital protocols. Match each clinical research conclusion with the corresponding epidemiological measure it best represents.
- Treating 25 patients with a new antiplatelet drug for one year prevents one additional stroke.Number Needed to Treat (NNT)
- Patients presenting with deep vein thrombosis had 3.5 times greater odds of carrying the Factor V Leiden mutation compared to patients without deep vein thrombosis.Odds Ratio (OR)
- Individuals who consumed a high-sodium diet had 2.0 times the incidence of hypertension over a 5-year period compared to those on a low-sodium diet.Relative Risk (RR)
- Eliminating asbestos exposure in the community would reduce the total incidence of mesothelioma in that community by 90%.Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR%)
Answer
Treating 25 patients to prevent one stroke matches Number Needed to Treat (NNT). Patients with DVT having 3.5 times greater odds of mutation matches Odds Ratio (OR). High-sodium diet causing 2.0 times the incidence of hypertension matches Relative Risk (RR). Eliminating asbestos reducing community incidence by 90% matches Population Attributable Risk Percent (PAR%).
Each statement uniquely and classically defines the clinical interpretation of a specific epidemiological measure. NNT is identified by the phrase 'prevent one additional [event]'. OR is identified by comparing 'odds' of past exposures. RR is identified by comparing 'incidence' or 'risk' across groups moving forward in time. PAR% is identified by the concept of reducing 'total incidence in that community'.
Step-by-Step Solution
Key Concept
Identifying epidemiological measures of association and impact based on their standardized clinical interpretations in medical literature.