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Zorluk: KolayEvaluating the Impact of New Evidence

Two paleontologists discuss the origin of flight in birds.

* Cursorial Hypothesis: Flight evolved in ground-dwelling ancestors that ran along the ground and flapped their forelimbs to assist in running and jumping over obstacles.
* Arboreal Hypothesis: Flight evolved in tree-dwelling ancestors that leaped between tree branches and glided down to the ground.

* New Evidence: Paleontologists discover a fossil of a primitive bird ancestor. An analysis of the fossil shows that its feet were physically incapable of grasping tree branches, but its hind legs were highly adapted for high-speed running on flat ground.

Which of the following describes how this new evidence affects the two hypotheses?

  1. A
    It weakens the cursorial hypothesis and supports the arboreal hypothesis.
  2. B
    It supports both the cursorial hypothesis and the arboreal hypothesis.
  3. It supports the cursorial hypothesis and weakens the arboreal hypothesis.Cevap
  4. D
    It weakens both the cursorial hypothesis and the arboreal hypothesis.

Cevap

It supports the cursorial hypothesis and weakens the arboreal hypothesis.
The correct answer states that the new evidence supports the cursorial hypothesis and weakens the arboreal hypothesis. The cursorial hypothesis relies on ground-dwelling ancestors that ran on flat ground, which aligns with the fossil's high-speed running adaptations. The arboreal hypothesis relies on tree-dwelling ancestors that lived in branches, which is contradicted by the fossil's inability to grasp tree branches.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Analyze the requirements of each hypothesis.
The cursorial hypothesis requires ground-dwelling and running ancestors, whereas the arboreal hypothesis requires tree-dwelling and branch-grasping ancestors.
Establishing the core premises of the conflicting viewpoints is necessary to evaluate any new findings.
2
Analyze the new fossil evidence.
The fossil shows inability to grasp branches (contradicts tree-dwelling) and high adaptation for running on flat ground (supports ground-running).
Understanding the physical implications of the new data determines which ancestral lifestyle it matches.
3
Connect the findings to the impact on the hypotheses.
The evidence supports the cursorial hypothesis (due to the running adaptation) and weakens the arboreal hypothesis (due to the inability to grasp branches).
Synthesizing the evidence's support and contradiction profiles yields the correct evaluation of the hypotheses.

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Evaluating the Impact of New Evidence
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Evaluating the Impact of New Evidence

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