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Zorluk: KolayEvaluating the Impact of New Evidence

Titan's Lakes

Two scientists debate the composition of the liquid lakes found on the surface of Saturn's moon, Titan.

Scientist 1
Titan's lakes are composed entirely of liquid methane (CH4CH_4). The extremely cold surface temperatures, averaging around 90 K90\text{ K}, allow methane to condense into liquid form. Other hydrocarbons either remain frozen solid or exist only as gases in Titan's atmosphere.

Scientist 2
Titan's lakes are composed entirely of liquid ethane (C2H6C_2H_6). Ethane has a higher boiling point than methane, meaning it is much more stable as a liquid and less prone to evaporation under Titan's atmospheric conditions.

New Evidence
A planetary probe directly samples the liquid from Titan's largest lake. The chemical analysis reveals that the liquid sample consists of 98%98\% liquid methane (CH4CH_4) and 2%2\% liquid nitrogen, with no detectable ethane (C2H6C_2H_6).

Based on this new evidence, which of the following statements best describes the impact of the probe's findings on the scientists' hypotheses?

  1. It supports Scientist 1's hypothesis and weakens Scientist 2's hypothesis.Cevap
  2. B
    It weakens Scientist 1's hypothesis and supports Scientist 2's hypothesis.
  3. C
    It supports both Scientist 1's and Scientist 2's hypotheses.
  4. D
    It weakens both Scientist 1's and Scientist 2's hypotheses.

Cevap

The new evidence supports Scientist 1's hypothesis and weakens Scientist 2's hypothesis.
The correct answer states that the evidence supports Scientist 1 and weakens Scientist 2. The probe's sample consisted of 98%98\% liquid methane and no detectable ethane. This directly aligns with Scientist 1's hypothesis that the lakes are composed of methane, and it directly contradicts Scientist 2's hypothesis that the lakes are composed of ethane.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Identify the core claims of both scientists.
Scientist 1 claims the lakes are composed entirely of liquid methane (CH4CH_4). Scientist 2 claims the lakes are composed entirely of liquid ethane (C2H6C_2H_6).
Understanding the conflicting claims is necessary to evaluate how new evidence affects them.
2
Analyze the new evidence provided.
The probe found 98%98\% liquid methane (CH4CH_4) and 0%0\% ethane (C2H6C_2H_6) in the sampled lake.
This establishes the empirical data that must be compared to the hypotheses.
3
Compare the evidence to each hypothesis to determine support or contradiction.
The dominance of methane supports Scientist 1's claim. The complete absence of ethane weakens Scientist 2's claim.
This matches the evidence to the correct impact on each hypothesis, leading to the final conclusion.

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Evaluating the Impact of New Evidence
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Evaluating the Impact of New Evidence

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