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Zorluk: ZorSecondary Meanings of Common Words

While contemporary critics often attributed the novelist’s prolific output to a rare and effortless genius, her personal letters reveal a far more disciplined and exhausting reality. She adhered strictly to a punishing daily schedule, rising before dawn to compose draft pages for six hours before even beginning to attend to her extensive correspondence. This relentless industry, rather than any sudden or erratic spark of divine inspiration, sustained her through the decade-long composition of her monumental history of the region. Without such systematic and grueling labor, she noted, the project would have collapsed under its own weight.

As it is used in the third sentence of the passage, the word *industry* most nearly means which of the following?

  1. A
    commerce
  2. B
    manufacturing
  3. diligenceCevap
  4. D
    inventiveness

Cevap

diligence
In the third sentence of the passage, the word 'industry' refers to the novelist's disciplined work ethic and persistent efforts. This is supported by the previous sentence, which highlights her 'punishing daily schedule' and 'six hours' of writing, as well as the subsequent sentence characterizing her efforts as 'systematic and grueling labor.' The term 'diligence' correctly defines this type of steady, hard-working dedication.

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1
Locate the target word in the context of the passage.
The word 'industry' is found in the third sentence: 'This relentless industry, rather than any sudden or erratic spark of divine inspiration, sustained her...'
Locating the word allows the reader to examine the surrounding sentences for clues about its specific meaning.
2
Analyze the context clues surrounding the target word.
The passage describes the novelist's work habits: a 'punishing daily schedule,' rising before dawn, writing for 'six hours,' and engaging in 'systematic and grueling labor.' The sentence itself contrasts 'industry' with a 'spark of divine inspiration.'
Context clues help define the word's secondary meaning of persistent hard work rather than economic production.
3
Evaluate the answer choices against the analyzed context.
Substituting 'diligence' fits the context of hard work and daily labor. 'Manufacturing' and 'commerce' reflect the primary definition of economic industry, which is irrelevant to writing. 'Inventiveness' represents creativity, which is contrasted with the novelist's labor.
This comparison ensures the chosen option matches the contextual meaning of the target word.

Anahtar Kavram

Identifying the secondary meaning of a common word by analyzing surrounding context clues and contrasting relationships in the passage.
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