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Zorluk: OrtaLogarithmic and Exponential Expressions and Equations

A certain radioactive isotope decays according to the formula N(t)=N02t/8N(t) = N_0 \cdot 2^{-t/8}, where N0N_0 is the initial amount of the isotope and tt is the time in years. If a sample initially contains 120120 grams of the isotope, how many years will it take for the amount of the isotope to decay to 1515 grams?

Cevap: 24 years

Cevap

24
The correct answer is 24 because substituting the initial value of 120 and the final value of 15 into the equation yields 15=1202t/815 = 120 \cdot 2^{-t/8}. Dividing both sides by 120 gives 18=2t/8\frac{1}{8} = 2^{-t/8}, which can be rewritten as 23=2t/82^{-3} = 2^{-t/8}. Setting the exponents equal to each other gives 3=t/8-3 = -t/8, and solving for tt yields 24.

Adım Adım Çözüm

1
Substitute the given values into the decay formula.
15=1202t/815 = 120 \cdot 2^{-t/8}
The initial amount N0N_0 is 120120 grams and the final amount N(t)N(t) is 1515 grams.
2
Isolate the exponential term.
18=2t/8\frac{1}{8} = 2^{-t/8}
Divide both sides by 120120. Since 15120\frac{15}{120} reduces to 18\frac{1}{8}, this isolates the base 22 term.
3
Write the fraction as a power with base 2.
23=2t/82^{-3} = 2^{-t/8}
Using exponent rules, 18=123=23\frac{1}{8} = \frac{1}{2^3} = 2^{-3}.
4
Equate the exponents and solve for tt.
t=24t = 24
Since the bases are equal, the exponents must be equal, so 3=t8-3 = -\frac{t}{8} which gives t=24t = 24.

Anahtar Kavram

Solving exponential equations using a common base.
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