Tüm alıştırma soruları

The following sentences are taken from a draft of an essay about marine biology.

[1] This glowing display helps the squid attract prey and communicate with potential mates in the darkness.
[2] Bioluminescence is the production and emission of light by a living organism.
[3] For example, the firefly squid uses light-producing organs called photophores to illuminate the deep ocean.

The writer wants to organize the sentences in the paragraph so that it logically transitions from a general definition of bioluminescence, to a specific organism that uses it, and finally to the biological purpose of that light. What is the correct order of these sentences?

The following paragraphs are from an essay about Grace Hopper's pioneering work in computer science. Arrange the paragraphs in the most logical order to create a coherent essay.

The following is a draft of an essay about the construction of the Brooklyn Bridge.

[1] __________________________________________________ [2] When her husband, Washington Roebling, became bedridden with decompression sickness in 1872, Emily stepped in as the unofficial chief engineer. She spent the next eleven years managing day-to-day operations, liaising with city officials, and mastering advanced mathematics and engineering concepts. Her tireless dedication ensured the completion of what was then the longest suspension bridge in the world.

[3] Beyond her administrative and technical contributions, Emily's leadership challenged nineteenth-century gender norms in professional engineering. She was the first person to cross the completed bridge by carriage, carrying a rooster as a symbol of victory. Today, a plaque on the bridge honors her, recognizing that the monumental structure is a testament to her intellect and determination.

Which of the following introductory sentences best establishes the main topic and thesis of the passage?

In certain dense forest canopies, the topmost branches of adjacent trees of the same species avoid touching each other, creating a network of channel-like gaps. This phenomenon, known as 'crown shyness,' prevents the spread of leaf-eating insects and reduces physical damage caused by branches colliding in the wind. Interestingly, this behavior is highly dependent on environmental conditions. Crown shyness occurs predominantly in areas with high wind exposure, where canopy movement is frequent. Consequently, in calmer environments, the branches of the same species often intertwine without any visible gaps.

Which choice establishes the most logical relationship between the preceding sentence and the underlined sentence?

The following sentences are from a draft of an essay about avian migration. What is the most logical order of these sentences to support the central claim that physiological adaptations enable the bar-headed goose to fly at high altitudes?

The Library of Alexandria was renowned for housing the greatest collection of texts in the ancient world. The scroll that detailed the calculations, a rare document, was preserved in the inner sanctuary of the library. Only the chief librarian and senior scholars were permitted to access such invaluable resources.

Which of the following is the best choice for the underlined portion of the sentence?

[1] First, the baker combines flour and water to create a simple paste. [2] This paste must sit in a warm place for several days to capture wild yeast from the air. [3] Once it is active and bubbly, the baker mixes this starter with additional flour and water to form a sticky dough. [4] The dough is then placed into a hot cast-iron pot and baked until the crust is deeply browned.

The writer wants to add the following sentence to the paragraph:

'Before it is ready for the oven, however, the dough must be kneaded and allowed to rise for several hours.'

To make the paragraph most logical, where should this sentence be placed?

The following paragraph is from an essay about the history of mathematics.

[1] Ancient civilizations, including the Babylonians and Mayans, used placeholder symbols to indicate the absence of a digit in a number. [2] However, these early systems did not treat the placeholder as an independent number with its own mathematical value. [3] That critical conceptual leap occurred in seventh-century India, when the mathematician Brahmagupta wrote the *Brahmasphutasiddhanta*. [4] He subsequently established formal rules for performing basic arithmetic operations using this new numerical value. [5] Consequently, merchants and scholars throughout the region began adopting the decimal system, which eventually spread to the Islamic world and Europe.

For the sake of logic and cohesion, where should the following sentence be placed in the paragraph?

'In this groundbreaking text, he defined zero not merely as a placeholder, but as a quantity that yielded null results when subtracted from itself.'

Choose the option that best maintains the sentence's standard written English grammar and punctuation.

To improve the shelf life of the organic packaging, the food chemist synthesized a flexible, transparent, starch film, but the material degraded too quickly under humid conditions.

Which of the following is the best choice for the underlined portion of the sentence?

The following paragraphs are from an essay about the discovery of pulsars. For the sake of the logic and cohesion of this essay, in what order should the paragraphs be arranged?

[1]
In 1910, a local baker named Pierre Dubois decided to bake the world's largest loaf of bread in his small French village. He spent weeks gathering hundreds of pounds of flour, yeast, and water, preparing for the grand event. The villagers watched in amazement as he constructed a massive outdoor stone oven just for this purpose.

[2]
Finally, after hours of waiting, Pierre pulled the golden-brown loaf from the oven, and the village celebrated with a massive feast. The bread was sliced and shared among all the residents, who declared it the most delicious loaf ever baked in their town.

[3]
The next morning, Pierre began mixing the ingredients in a giant wooden trough. Once the dough was fully kneaded, he and three assistants carefully transferred it into the preheated stone oven.

[4]
Today, a small bronze plaque stands in the village square to commemorate Pierre's historic bake. Visitors still come to see the remains of the giant stone oven, which has been preserved as a historical landmark.

For the sake of the logic and cohesion of this essay, where should Paragraph 3 be placed?

Passage:

In 1931, engineering draftsman Harry Beck proposed a revolutionary design for the London Underground map. Before Beck's innovation, transit maps attempted to represent geographic distances accurately, which resulted in a cluttered, confusing tangle of lines in the congested city center. Beck realized that passengers traveling underground cared primarily about how to navigate between stations rather than their precise location on the surface. He simplified the complex network into a clean, schematic diagram, restricting lines to horizontal, vertical, or 45-degree angles and spacing stations evenly. Initially rejected by officials as too radical, the map was trial-printed in 1933 and became an instant success with the public. ________

Question:

The writer wants to add a concluding sentence to the paragraph that reinforces the paragraph's main focus on the lasting impact of Beck's design. Which of the following sentences best achieves this goal?

In the following sentence, a portion is underlined: 'To successfully cultivate vanilla orchids, farmers must replicate the vine's native tropical habitat: high humidity, moderate shade, and well-draining soil.' Which choice best completes the sentence, maintaining proper punctuation and grammar?

Passage Excerpt:

In the early morning mist of the Olympic Peninsula, biologist Maria Lopez searches for the elusive coastal tailed frog. This unique amphibian does not vocalize. Instead, [1] it spends its time in the local area.

The writer wants to replace the underlined portion [1] with a phrase that provides the most specific illustration of the frog’s physical adaptation to its fast-flowing aquatic habitat. Which choice best accomplishes this goal?

When Mount Vesuvius erupted in 79 CE, the intense heat carbonized hundreds of papyrus scrolls in a villa at Herculaneum, leaving them fragile and fused together. For centuries, researchers who tried to physically unroll these charred documents ended up destroying them. Indeed, modern scientists have turned to non-invasive technologies like X-ray phase-contrast tomography to read the text without disturbing the physical structure. This technique can detect the minute difference in thickness between the carbonized ink and the carbonized papyrus, allowing scholars to virtually unroll and read the scrolls.

Which of the following options best replaces the underlined portion to establish a logical transition between the two sentences?

A writer is editing a draft of an essay about the history of synthetic dyes. The writer is considering adding the following sentence after the first sentence (which ends with 'home laboratory'):

'Quinine was traditionally extracted from the bark of the cinchona tree, which grew primarily in South America.'

Should the writer make this addition?

In 1856, eighteen-year-old chemist William Henry Perkin was attempting to synthesize quinine, a treatment for malaria, in his home laboratory. Instead of obtaining a clear medicine, he produced a dark, oily sludge. Rather than discarding the failed experiment, Perkin washed the beaker with alcohol and noticed a vibrant purple residue. This accidental discovery led to the creation of mauveine, the world's first synthetic aniline dye. Perkin quickly patented the dye and established a factory to mass-produce it, revolutionizing both the fashion and chemical industries.

[1] Until the late twentieth century, marine biologists assumed that all oceanic life ultimately depended on sunlight and photosynthesis for survival. [2] This paradigm was shattered in 1977 when researchers exploring the Galápagos Rift discovered thriving ecosystems surrounding hydrothermal vents on the ocean floor. [3] Instead of utilizing sunlight, these bizarre organisms relied on specialized bacteria that synthesized energy from the toxic chemical compounds spewed by the vents. [4] Such a process, known as chemosynthesis, demonstrated that life could flourish in the complete absence of solar radiation. [5] Today, astrobiologists study these extreme environments to model how life might exist on icy moons like Europa or Enceladus.

The writer wants to insert the following sentence into the paragraph:

'By oxidizing hydrogen sulfide, these microbes produce organic matter, forming the foundation of the vent food web.'

To make the paragraph most logical, where should this sentence be placed?

In 1968, researcher Spencer Silver was working at 3M to develop a super-strong adhesive for the aerospace industry. Instead, he accidentally created a very weak glue that stuck lightly to surfaces, could be easily peeled off, and left no residue behind.

Which choice provides the most logical transition at the underlined portion?

[1] In the early twentieth century, astronomer A.E. Douglass sought to understand the relationship between sunspot cycles and Earth's climate. [2] However, he realized that reliable meteorological records extended back only a few decades. [3] To overcome this limitation, Douglass began analyzing the growth rings of ancient trees, noting that wider rings indicated wet years and narrower ones indicated dry years. [4] This innovative technique, which he named dendrochronology, soon expanded beyond climate science. [5] Archaeological remains of prehistoric dwellings, for instance, could now be dated with annual precision by matching their timber rings to the master sequence. [6] By comparing these patterns across regional samples, he constructed a continuous, year-by-year chronological record.

To make the paragraph flow most logically, where should Sentence 6 be placed?

When conservators at the museum began analyzing the seventeenth-century Dutch landscape painting, they noticed several patches of dark, distorted color. Over the centuries, layers of soot and yellowed varnish had accumulated on the canvas, obscuring the artist's original work. [1] The team decided to use a modern, non-invasive laser technique to clean the delicate surface.

The writer wants to add a sentence at Point [1] that introduces the specific technical challenge of removing aged debris without stripping away the historical paint itself. Which of the following choices most effectively accomplishes this goal?